贺文 田海青

摘 要

对近代从事中小学语文教学实验研究的留学生群体概况进行论述，分析出以留美学生的表现最为活跃。他们在中小学语文教学实验研究上进行了一系列积极的探索。他们历经了以语文“五段教授法”为特征的教学实验阶段、以语文测验为特征的教学实验阶段、以语文能力标准为特征的教学实验阶段、以探索语文本土化为特征的教学实验阶段及以语文教学实验进入衰退期为特征的总结阶段等五个阶段。

关键词

近代留学生 中小学 语文教学实验

Abstract This paper discusses the general situation of overseas students who are engaged in the research on Chinese teaching experiment in primary and secondary schools in modern times， and concludes that the behaviors of students who study in the United States are the most active. They have carried out a series of active explorations in the research on Chinese teaching experiment in primary and secondary schools. They have gone through five stages： the teaching experiment stage characterized by “Five-Segment Teaching Method” of Chinese， the teaching experiment stage characterized by Chinese test， the teaching experiment stage characterized by Chinese ability standard， the teaching experiment stage characterized by exploring the localization of Chinese and the summing-up stage characterized by the decline of Chinese teaching experiment.

Keyword modern overseas students; primary and secondary schools; research on Chinese teaching experiment

“我国不仅是一个有着悠久历史的文明古国，而且还形成了重史的优良传统。”[1]35-38+92我国语文教育虽有上千年历史，但反观封建社会，语文教学存在不少弊端，如教学内容脱离实际的社会生活、教学法着重于“填鸭式”灌输、不注重激发学生的创造性等。到近代，由于我国“内忧外患，民族危机日亟，社会急剧动荡的现实，促使仁人志士不断探索救亡图存的良方”[2]75-79，尤其是以留学生为主的新知识分子希望通过教育救国，并为此进行不懈的努力。与之对应的，在语文教学上也是如此。留学生作为沟通中西文化的桥梁，在引介、开展及指导教学实验上发挥着关键作用。总的来说，我国早期的中小学语文教学实验多是西方近代教学实验在我国的翻版和试用，后期在留学生们反思的基础上，结合国情民性，探索出具有本土化的语文教学实验。

一、从事中小学语文教学实验研究的近代留学生群体概况