摘  要：集装箱国际班列运输涉及船公司、货运代理、港口、理货、海关、铁路等多个物流角色，各参与方需要协同作业方可完成集装箱运输。参与角色众多，作业类型复杂，作业系统不统一，效率报告互不信任，鉴别问题原因困難。区块链的特点让各参与方都可以拥有全部账本，每把私钥只可以查看账本中特定的内容，所有的交易都需要相应的背书方可确认。文中描述了如何应用区块链技术将业务流程程序化，用不可篡改的电子文档代替纸张，从而实现集装箱国际班列运输各参与方高效协同。

关键词：区块链;集装箱班列;业务流;协同

中图分类号：TP311.13;U169.6     文献标识码：A 文章编号：2096-4706（2019）05-0167-03

Abstract：Container international liner transportation involves many logistics roles such as shipping company，freight forwarder，port，tally，customs，railway and so on. Participants need to cooperate to complete container transportation. Participating roles are numerous，job types are complex，job systems are not uniform，efficiency reports do not trust each other，and it is difficult to identify the causes of problems. The characteristics of the block chain allow all participants to have all the books，each private key can only view the specific contents of the books，all transactions need the corresponding endorsement to confirm. This paper describes how to use block chain technology to program business processes and replace paper with non-tampering electronic documents，so as to achieve efficient collaboration among all participants in container international liner transportation..

Keywords：block chain;container liner;business flow;collaboration

1  业务流程分析

集装箱国际班列的主要业务环节包括：船代/船公司发送清洁舱单;货主向港口报提单号、船名、航次、箱号、箱型、总重、起运国、目的地、品名、船公司等;货代换单、报关;海关放行;货代向船公司提交放箱申请;货代到港口办理提箱委托;监管场站收到集装箱时报送集装箱进出门信息;理货确认进出门;货代向铁路申报日需求车;铁路根据海关放行信息批复日承认车;铁路安排空车进入指定监管场站;货代向监管场站申请装火车委托;监管场站根据装车委托及铁路批复，安排装车计划;监管场站装车、形成装车清单报港铁路、海关、报关行、货代;铁路根据装车清单形成铁路货票，发给港口、货代和海关;铁路报出发确报给货代和港口并提供在途信息;集装箱出境时，铁路提供交付清单及出境编组。……