配置均匀线阵的大规模天线下基于牛顿法的全方向波束赋形设计
2019-10-21苏冬良蒋轶王昕
苏冬良 蒋轶 王昕


摘 要: 在下行公共信道中,公共信号传输需要对小区内所有用户达到可靠的覆盖。考虑配置均匀线阵的大规模天线下公共信号传输的全方向波束赋形设计问题,结合空时块编码,首先将该问题建模成可行性优化问题,并进一步给出实现全方向传输的充分必要条件。引入对矩阵元素恒模的要求并利用给出的充分必要条件,将原优化问题转化成一个非线性方程组,并提出一种基于牛顿法的全方向波束赋形方案。该方案优势在于其对天线数量没有限制,且保持矩阵元素恒模的性质,可直接在模拟射频域实现,显著提升硬件效率。
关键词: 全方向波束赋形; 均匀线阵; 牛顿法; 大规模天线
中图分类号: TN92
文献标志码: A
文章编号:1007-757X(2019)06-0078-03
Abstract: It is reasonable to require reliable coverage in the whole living avea for the common message broadcasting. In this paper, we consider the omnidirectional beamforming problem for common signal broadcasting for massive MIMO system equipped with Uniform uniform Linear linear Array array (ULA). Combined with Spacespace-time block coding, we firstly transform the beamforming problem into a feasibility optimization problem. We then derive the necessary and sufficient condition for the beamforming matrix to achieve perfectly omnidirectional transmission. By further imposing the constraint that all the entries in the beamforming matrix keep constant-modulus, we reformulate the feasibility optimization problem into a system of non-linear equations. We propose a Newtons method based on Newton algorithm for omnidirectional beamforming scheme. The proposed scheme has no limitation on the antenna number of the ULA, and can be directly realized by fully analog beamforming structure, which can greatly improve the hardware efficiency.
Key words: Omnidirectional beamforming; Uniform linear array; Newtons method; Massive MIMO
0 引言
在大規模天线领域,公共信号传输是一个重要问题,包含很多应用,例如初始连接的建立,唤醒“休眠”用户终端等等。大部分公共信号需要通过公共信道发送到小区中的每一个用户[1]。为使小区内所有用户得到可靠的服务,公共信道达到全方向覆盖是必然要求。
公共信号全方向传输已有一些相关研究。循环时延分集(CDD)由3GPP提出[2],由于其在每个子载波上的高度方向性而无法全方向覆盖。基于CDD,[3]提出一种对大量时频块进行随机波束赋形的技术,缺点在于其波束功率具有较大的波动。为限制波束功率波动,[4]提出宽波束生成方法(宽波束法)并证明仅用一个向量产生全平波束的问题无非平凡解。……
