卢何晔 吉加惠

【摘 要】本文分析了一种基于三角测量的无人机测绘地理信息定位方法。将无人机采集的影像进行拼接、几何纠正、配准和融合，建立无人机测绘的地理信息定位坐标。在此基础上，利用误差方程公式计算地理信息定位的地面控制点，将控制点向量坐标当作带权虚拟的观测值，根据地理信息控制点进行分类，选取清晰的无人机影像和定位标志，计算三角测量的无人机测绘地理信息定位的平均值和均方差，实现无人机测绘的地理信息定位技术。实验结果表明，提出方法不仅可以获得高分辨率的地理信息影像，还可以提高地理信息定位的准确性。

【关键词】无人机测绘;地理信息;定位技术

Research on Geographic Information Location Technology Based on UAV Mapping

Lu He-ye，Ji Jia-hui

（Jiangsu Suzhou Geological Engineering Investigation Institute Suzhou Jiangsu 215129）

【Abstract】This paper analyzes a method based on triangulation for geographic information mapping of UAV mapping. The images acquired by the drone are spliced， geometrically corrected， registered and fused， and the geographic information positioning coordinates of the UAV mapping are established. On this basis， the ground control point of geographic information location is calculated by the error equation formula， and the vector coordinate of the control point is regarded as the virtual observation value， and the geographic information control points are classified to select clear drone images and positioning marks. Calculate the average and mean square error of the geographic location of the unmanned aerial surveying and mapping of the drone， and realize the geographic information localization technology of the UAV mapping. The experimental results show that the proposed method can not only obtain high-resolution geographic information images， but also improve the accuracy of geographic information positioning.

【Key words】UAV mapping; geographic information; positioning technology

無人机测绘地理信息定位技术作为一种新型的技术得到了广泛的使用。它可以利用无人机遥感系统搭建无人机平台，并对地理信息进行定位。无人机的起飞方式有直升式和滑翔式等，降落方式有滑降和伞降等。无人机的动力来源有油能和电能。航线的设计和导航系统是无人机测绘的控制核心。无人机测绘地理信息技术被广泛应用在众多测绘部门，并起到重要作用。作为一种新的地理信息定位技术，需要结合实际情况和需求，实现无人机技术在地理信息定位中的应用。

1. 无人机测绘的地理信息定位技术

1.1 无人机遥感技术图像影像拼接。

（1）利用无人机遥感技术可以分析影像的分辨率，通过像元的大小和相机的焦距，计算出比例尺对无人机飞行的高度要求。……