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全国Ⅰ卷和Ⅱ卷语法填空对形容词和副词的考向分析

2019-09-19罗丽雯

广东教育·高中 2019年8期
关键词:比较级括号副词

罗丽雯

全国卷的语法填空中,每年都会考查形容词,分析近5年的真题,我们发向考查方向是稳定的。

一、全国Ⅰ卷的考查方向

考向1:考查副词的用法

副词在句中做状语,即做状语用副词。

1.(2015年)Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it________ (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people living in Shanghai and Hong Kong.

2.(2016年)The title will be_______(official)given to me at a ceremony in London.

3.(2019年)It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been ______(poor)studied.

以上三题考向一致,修饰动词,要求考生将括号中的形容词变为副词,答案分别为regularly, officially, poorly。

考向2:考查形容词的用法

形容词在句中做定语或表语,表示主语的状况、性质、特征等。

4.(2017年)However, be____(care)not to go to extremes.

5.(2018年)Running is cheap, easy and its always ______(energy).

以上两题在句中做表语,将括号中的名词分别改为careful和energetic。

考向3:形容词的比较级

最近三年年年考查了比较级。

6.(2017年)Even ________(bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.

7.(2018年)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years ______(long)than non-runners.

8.(2019年)Scientists have responded by noting that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集)around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉)that populations are______(high) than they actually are.

第7,8两道题的提示相对明显,因为在提示词后有than,需要将括号中的形容词变为比较级。第6题有一定难度,联系上下文,上文提到“When fat and salt are removed from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. As a result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.”当加工食物时,减少了盐和油的量时,人们吃起来会觉得似乎少了点什。结果,人们会吃得更多,补偿失去的东西。而下句是人们还会吃更多的快餐。从意思上来看,这是“更糟糕的”,用bad的比较级,worse。

二、全国Ⅱ卷的考查方向

考向1:考查副词的用法

连续5年考查了形容词转变为副词。

1.(2015年)Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat ________(slow)during cool nights, thus warming the house.

2.(2016年)Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks________(regular)

3.(2017年)Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been ________(fair)unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.

4.(2018年)A taste for meat is_______(actual)behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.

5.(2019年)Her years of hard work have ________(final)been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名)her to be Cheshires Woman Of The Year.

第3題是修饰形容词,将所给形容词改为副词。其余四题都是修饰动词,将括号中的形容词变为副词。答案分别为:slowly, regularly, fairly, actually, finally。

考向2:考查形容词的用法

6.(2017年)The central London Railway was one of the most_____(success)of these new lines, and was opened in 1900.

7.(2018年)According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total _______(globe)fertilizer consumption.

8.(2019年)Its ________(wonder)

上述三题考查在名词前做定语或在系动词(如be)之后做表语,用形容词。答案分别为: successful, global, wonderful。

考向3:形容词的比较级

9.(2016年)If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify(識别)those of _______(great)and less importance.

第9题出现A and B结构,B部分用了比较级less,推测A 部分也应是比较级,填greater。

但也有例外的情况:

10.(2015年)In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ________(able)to“air condition”a house without using electric equipment.

第10题括号中所给形容词放在形容词性物主代词之后,充当表语,改为名词形式ability。

在语法填空中,出题人一般不会给一个副词,让学生将其改为形容词。

综上所述,全国Ⅰ卷和Ⅱ卷的考向基本相同,都考查形容词和副词在句中的用法,都考查形容词的比较级。但也略有区别:

(1)副词的用法,全国Ⅰ卷只考查了修饰动词用副词,而全国Ⅱ卷还考查了修饰形容词用副词。

(2)形容词的用法,全国Ⅰ卷只考查了做表语用形容词,而全国Ⅱ卷还考查了做定语用形容词。

(3)形容词的比较级,全国Ⅰ卷最近三年连续考查,而全国Ⅱ卷只在2016年考查过。

此外,将所给形容词改为名词,在句中做表语,只有全国Ⅱ卷考过。

由此可见,在语法填空中,对形容词和副词的考查,全国Ⅱ卷较全国Ⅰ卷考查的范围更广。

三、备考建议

1. 全面复习形容词和副词的用法。

不论Ⅰ卷还是Ⅱ卷的考生,都须懂副词修饰动词、形容词、介词短语或整个句子;形容词在句中做定语、表语,做表语时表示主语的性质、状态或特征。都要掌握形容词和副词的比较等级。

2. 平时要有意识地积累同根词。

有规律的,如peace与peaceful,hope与hopeful等,按规律归纳记忆。没有规律的,如curiosity与curious, variety与various等难记的,则需多次反复地记。像energy变形为energetic,如果不特别留意去记,在考试中是不容易写正确的。

责任编辑 蒋小青

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