谢峰淋　周全　史航　江明喜　张全发　党海山

摘要：通過对小勾儿茶Berchemiella wilsonii的变种毛柄小勾儿茶Berchemiella wilsonii （Schneid.） Nakai var.pubipetiolata H.Qian 的实地调查，对其分布概况、生境特性以及种群生存概况等方面进行了分析。结果表明：（1）毛柄小勾儿茶主要分布于安徽省霍山县马家河、舒城县万佛山和浙江省临安市湍口乡、临安市马啸乡等地。常见分布于沟边、路边、悬崖峭壁的向阳面。（2）毛柄小勾儿茶对水分及光照的要求较高，喜温暖湿润气候，成年植株主要分布在群落最高层，其幼苗耐荫性差，难以在郁闭度高的林内生长。（3）毛柄小勾儿茶种子大都落在树旁，缺乏有效传播方式，且种子未熟先落，95%无活性，导致极其缺乏幼苗。毛柄小勾儿茶生态位十分狭窄，是群落的伴生种或偶见种，缺乏群落竞争力。毛柄小勾儿茶数量已极其稀少，建议加大保护力度，加快对种子成熟生理机制的研究，提高种子活性。或是探索有效的规模化繁育技术，进行人工抚育小苗，扩大种群数量。

关键词：毛柄小勾儿茶;濒危机制;珍稀植物;生境特征

中图分类号：S753文献标识码：A文章编号：1004-3020（2019）04-0019-06

Studies on Habit Characteristics of Endangered Berchemiella

wilsonii （Schneid.） Nakai var. pubipetiolata H.

QianXie Fenglin（1，2，3）Zhou Quan（3，4）Shi Hang（3，4）Jiang Mingxi（3）Zhang Quanfa（3）Dang Haishan（3）

（1.Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Qinghai-Tibetan  Plateau， Tibet UniversityLhasa850000;

2.College of Science， Tibet UniversityLhasa850000;

3.Wuhan Botanical Garden of Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan430074;

4.University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049）

Abstract： The distribution， habitat and population characteristics of Berchemiella wilsonii var. pubipetiolata were studied in this paper. The results were as follows： （1） B. wilsonii var. pubipetiolata were mainly distributed in Majiahe of Huoshan county， Anhui province. （2） The species had higher requirements for water and light， and mainly prefered to warm and humid climate. Adult plants were mainly distributed at the highest level of the community. The  seedlings of B. wilsonii var. pubipetiolata had poor shade tolerance and were difficult to grow in forests with high canopy density. （3） Most of the seeds of B. wilsonii var. pubipetiolata dropped near to parent trees and rolling and water flowing was their major agents of seed dispersal. The seeds dropped before maturity and 95% of them were inactive. The niche of the species was very narrow， so they were associated species or accidental species of the community. The age structure of B. wilsonii var. pubipetiolata was also declining. The quantity of B. wilsonii and B. wilsonii var. pubipetiolata are extremely rare， and it is recommended to make appropriate human disturbance to its existing communities to enhance community competitiveness. Moreover， we should accelerate the research on the physiological mechanism of seed maturity to improve the seed activity. It helps to improve the ability of plants reproduction and establishment for expanding the population.

Key words：Berchemiella wilsonii （Schneid.） Nakai var. pubipetiolata; endangered mechanism; rare plant; habit characteristics

中国地域辽阔，植物资源，尤其是珍稀植物资源极其丰富。但近几十年来，由于人类活动造成生境破坏，导致许多珍稀植物失去赖以生存的自然环境而处于灭绝或濒临绝灭的状态。因此，将珍稀植物物种的研究保护作为生物多样性研究的重要内容就显得尤为重要[1]。探讨物种濒危机制便是当前生物多样性研究的热点之一，主要包括研究濒危物种对生境的需求、分析濒危过程，阐明濒危原因等[1]。……