读写任务型写作是英语高考中的写作题型之一，属于材料作文，要求考生对所给的一段英语材料加以概括、并联系实际表达自己的观点。该题型首先要求用30词概括短文要点，即为所给英文材料写摘要，然后联系材料展开议论并写出一篇与所给材料相关的短文。所以写作形式上是规定加开放——既有规定表达的内容，又有考生想象和发挥的写作内容，规定内容和开放内容融为一体。试题给考生提供阅读材料，材料的体裁可以是说明文，如实说明一个现象;可以是一个记叙文，讲述一个故事，引出一个话题或道理;可以是一则新闻报道引发的一场争论等。总之，读写任务型写作是让考生“有话想说，有话可说”的试题。

【写作指导】

第一步：预测材料内容，分析材料体裁

读写任务首先是读，那么“读”的材料肯定是要和“寫”的内容相吻合，至少是相关的。因此，我们要根据题目及主题句进行大概预测。读完以后要分析所给材料的体裁，这为概括材料内容提供必须的依据。

记叙文：5W（who/when/where/what/why）

议论文：opinion/idea+argument（supporting ideas/reason）

说明文：phenomenon/problem+reason+solution（cause+effect）; introduce of a subject（what it is，how it is used， how it may change， what makes it new or significant）

新闻：focus on the first paragraph， and the first sentence and the last sentence of other paragraphs

第二步：30个单词写摘要（summary）

根据不同体裁提供的内容写摘要时要注意以下几点：

第一，根据首位句或主要内容进行削“枝”去“叶”，实行精“兵”裁“员”。

例如：Once a king wanted to cover the road with leather to protect his feet. A servant adised the king not to cover the road and just make a pair of shoes for himself. Finally the king agreed and made shoes for himself.此句可改成：Once a king wanted to cover the road with leather to protect his feet， but wasper suaded not to do so. Instead， he made apair of shoes to achieve the same goal.

第二，灵活变化表达，适度进行改写。变化表达可以是同义替换、语态转换、非谓语动词及从句转换、合并句子等。

例如：When he crossed the road-When crossing the road; If they are corrected too much-If corrected too much.

概括内容常见句型：

The passage/story mainly tells us that…;From the passage， we know that…; According to the passage， we know that…; As the passage says that…; This article is mainly about…; The writer states that…; By recalling/mentioning that…， the writer/author…; Through the story/his experience about…， the writer…;The…is very common mentioned in the article;It not only…but also…

第三步：发表评论及自己的看法

发表评论及自己的看法往往是在第二段及第三段。发表评论的文章可按照不同的要求构成不同的模式。

1.现象式议论文，按以下结构展开：首先是提出自己看法，中间部分往往是分析这种现象产生的原因及后果等，最后结尾段谈谈自己的看法。

2.评论某一事物的利与弊可按以下模式展开：第一步提出要评论的事物或观点;第二步分别陈述利与弊（或不同观点）;最后归纳得出作者自己的结论。

注意：争议较大或尚无定论的，可以不明确表达立场，提出扬长避短的方法，也可以平衡其利弊，提出某种期望和设想。

发表评论及看法的常见句式为：

This is very common nowadays…; This sounds right but is hardly practical…;I also experienced such a… when I…;It reminds me of…： This is a very serious problem at present;There are many reasons accounting for this…

We are all aware that everything has its two sides， and …is no exception.

…has brought a number of benefits tous; There are many advantages as well as disadvantages of…：First of all，…Also…;Besides，…：Whats more…; Just as a coin has two sides， …also has some side effects;However， …has also a lot of problems; For one thing，…for another…; Every coin has its two sides…

表達自己观点的常见句式：

I agree with the author…;I am strongly infavor of the former idea; In some way， I agreewith…but…; From my personal angle alone，…

In my view/opinion…; As far as I am concerned…; Weighing the two sides， we canconclude that…; To sum up， I would say that the advantages out weigh the disadvantages…;From what has been discussed above…; It can teach us a lesson that…; We can conclude that…

第四步：检查及完工

看有无遗漏要点，有无单词、短语、句式错误，篇章结构的不合理现象等，适当调整，然后誊写作文，做到万无一失。

【实战演练】

请阅读下面英语短文，并按照要求写一篇150词左右的文章。

A group of frogs were traveling through the woods， and two of them fell into a deep hole in the ground. When the other frogs saw how deep the hole was， they told the two frogs that they had no choice but to die. But the two frogs tried to jump up out of the hole with efforts though the other frogs told them to stop. Finally， one of the frogs believed what the other frogs were saying and gave up. He fell down and died. The other frog continued to jump as hard as he could. Once again， the crowd of frogs yelled at him to stop and just die. He jumped even harder and finally made it out. When he got out， the other frogs said， “Didnt you hear us？” The frog explained to them that he was deaf. He thought they were encouraging him all the time.

From the story we can realize that there is power of life and death in the tongue. As encouraging words to someone who is down can hit them up and help them make it through the day. While destructive words to someone who is down can be what it takes to kill him. Be careful of what you say.

【写作内容】

1.用约30个单词概括上述信息的主要内容：

2.然后用120词左右就“鼓励能让人重获新生”进行讨论，内容包括：

（1）你认为是什么救了这只耳聋的青蛙;

（2）你从这个故事中得到了什么启示;

（3）举例说明不同的教学言语产生不同的结果。

【写作要求】

1.可以使用真实的案例或其他论述方法支持你的观点，也可以参照阅读材料内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子;

2.标题自拟。

【评分标准】

概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，语篇连贯。One possible version：

Why not use encouraging words？

The story tells us about two frogs in the same situation， but they got different results. The one who thought he was encouraged lived out while the other died.

I think the deaf frog was lucky because he thought his friends were encouraging him and with these so-called encouraging words， he survived.

As we all know， encouraging words to someone who is down can cheer up and help him make it through the day while unhelpful words to someone who is down can be what it takes to kill him. So we should give more encouragement to our friends.

Likely， when teachers praise students with encouraging words， the students will be happy to learn and think they have more power to learn. They will work harder and get better results. If teachers use discouraging words， students may feel sad and easily give up.