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高压氧在急性一氧化碳中毒患者急救中的临床效果

2019-08-19陈彬蔡波

中国医学创新 2019年10期

陈彬 蔡波

【摘要】 目的:研究高压氧在急性一氧化碳中毒患者急救中的临床效果。方法:选取2015年1月-2018年5月因一氧化碳中毒来院诊治的52例患者作为研究资料,在纠正患者呼吸心率、抗炎药等常规治疗的基础上给予高压氧治疗,对比分析治疗前后的心率(HR)、肝肾功能、治疗效果和并发症发生率。结果:治疗前后HR、肝肾功能(ALT、Scr、白蛋白、胆红素)比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,显效46例(88.5%),有效5例(9.6%),无效1例(1.9%),总有效率为98.1%。治疗后,泌尿感染2例(3.8%),心肌损伤1例(1.9%),肺部感染1例(1.9%),迟发性脑病2例(3.8%),并发症总发生率为11.5%。结论:急性一氧化碳中毒患者应迅速进行高压氧治疗,高压氧治疗不仅可以快速恢复一氧化碳中毒对患者机体造成的损伤,还可以大幅度降低一氧化碳中毒后对患者产生的并发症,应将此治疗方法作为治疗急性一氧化碳中毒的金标准。

【关键词】 高压氧; 急性一氧化碳中毒; 急救; 临床效果

【Abstract】 Objective:To study the clinical effect of hyperbaric oxygen in emergency treatment of patients with acute carbon monoxide poisoning.Method:A total of 52 patients hospitalized for carbon monoxide poisoning from January 2015 to May 2018 were selected.Hyperbaric oxygen therapy was given on the basis of routine treatment such as correction of the patients respiratory heart rate and anti-inflammatory drugs.The heartrate(HR),liver and kidney function,treatment efficacy,and complication ratebefore and after treatment were compared and analyzed.Result:There were significant differences between before and after treatment in HR(P<0.05).There were significant differences in ALT,Scr,albumin and bilirubin before and after treatment(P<0.05).After treatment,among 52 patients with carbon monoxide poisoning,46 cases(88.5%)were markedly effective,5 cases(9.6%)were effective,1 case(1.9%)was ineffective,the total effective rate was 98.1%.After treatment,2 cases(3.8%)had urinary infection,1 case(1.9%) had myocardial injury,1 case(1.9%)had pulmonary infection and 2 cases(3.8%)had delayed encephalopathy,the total incidence of complications was 11.5%.Conclusion:Patients with acute carbon monoxide poisoning should be treated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy.Hyperbaric oxygen therapy can not only quickly recover the injury caused by carbon monoxide poisoning,but also significantly reduce the complications of carbon monoxide poisoning.This treatment should be regarded as the gold standard for the treatment of acute carbon monoxide poisoning.

【Key words】 Hyperbaric oxygen; Acute carbon monoxide poisoning; First aid; Clinical effect

First-authors address:Meizhou Peoples Hospital,Meizhou 514031,China

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2019.10.038

一氧化碳普遍存在于人們生活环境中,急性一氧化碳中毒是指人体吸入一氧化碳后与血红蛋白结合成碳氧血红蛋白,致使血红蛋白丧失携氧能力,造成低氧血症,使氧离曲线左移,导致细胞呼吸功能发生障碍,致使人体各重要器官严重缺氧,其中对中枢神经系统造成的伤害最严重[1]。一氧化碳中毒会给患者带来不同程度身心伤害,因此要早发现早治疗。急性一氧化碳中毒严重影响着患者日常生活,甚至危害人们生命安全。大量研究表明:每年急性一氧化碳重度患者死亡率居各种意外中毒死亡首位[2],恶心呕吐、头昏眼花、肢体无力、头痛头晕、胸闷心悸均为一氧化碳中毒患者主要临床表现,甚至极少数病情较重者会出现昏迷、休克,更有数者直接死亡[3]。现阶段临床治疗急性一氧化碳重度患者主要措施为高压氧,因为高压氧能加速碳氧血红蛋白(COHb)解离,促进CO消除,恢复Hb携氧功能,并且高压氧可以有效提高血氧分压,增加患者体内血氧含量,使充足的溶解氧释放到机体组织各处,从而大幅度减少机体对Hb运氧依赖性,短时间内迅速纠正患者低氧血症[4]。……

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