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草地贪夜蛾对山东省玉米的危害风险及其监测防控研究进展

2019-08-16卢增斌李丽莉张晴晴李超董兆克于毅齐世军丁照华门兴元

山东农业科学 2019年6期

卢增斌 李丽莉 张晴晴 李超 董兆克 于毅 齐世军 丁照华 门兴元

摘要:草地贪夜蛾是一种原产于美洲热带和亚热带地区的重大迁飞性农业害虫,可以为害包括玉米、棉花、水稻、花生、大豆、马铃薯、小麦、果树等在内的80余种植物。2019年1月,该虫首次入侵我国云南省,截止5月10日,已在13省61市(州)261个县(市、区)为害玉米,发生面积7.2万公顷。伴随着西南季风,草地贪夜蛾可能继续北迁进入山东省,山东省夏玉米区是该虫种群繁殖、迁飞与再定殖的绝佳栖境。因此,必须早监测、早发现、早防控,减少其对全省玉米安全生产的威胁。本文总结了草地贪夜蛾的形态特征、为害特点、监测预警技术、防治措施并提出了对策和建议,以期为植保人员和相关科研人员对该虫进行监测预警和精准防控提供参考。

关键词:入侵害虫;草地贪夜蛾;迁飞性害虫;监测预警;综合防治

中图分类号:S433.4  文献标识号:A  文章编号:1001-4942(2019)06-0160-09

Abstract The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperd, native to the tropical-subtropical regions of American continent, is one of the major migratory agricultural insect pests and feeds on more than 80 host plants including maize, cotton, rice, peanut, soybean, potato, wheat and fruit trees. In January 2019, this insect pest first invaded Yunnan Province, China. By May 10th, it had been detected to damage maize crop in 261 counties (cities or districts), 61 cities (states), 13 provinces, covering an area of 72 thousand hectare. FAW may continue to migrate north into Shandong Province with the southwest monsoon. The summer maize area of Shandong Province is an excellent habitat for reproduction, migration and re-colonization of FAW population. Therefore, early monitoring, early detection, early prevention and control methods must be taken to reduce its threat to the maize production in Shandong. In this study, we summarized the morphological characteristics, damage characteristics, monitoring and early-warning technologies, prevention and control measures of FAW. And several advices were also proposed. The aim is to provide information for persons of plant protection and related scientific researchers to monitor and early-warning and precise prevention and control on this insect pest.

Keywords  Invasive insect pest; Spodoptera frugiperda; Migratory pest; Monitoring and early-warning; Integrated prevention and control management

草地貪夜蛾[Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith)],又名秋黏虫(英文名为fall armyworm),属鳞翅目(Lepidoptera)夜蛾科(Noctuidae),是一种原产于美洲热带和亚热带地区的重大迁飞性农业害虫[1,2],可以为害包括玉米、棉花、水稻、花生、大豆、马铃薯、小麦、果树等在内的80余种植物[3]。2016年,该虫首次入侵非洲大陆的尼日利亚和加纳,随后扩散到撒哈拉以南的44个非洲国家[4,5]。2018年,草地贪夜蛾首次入侵亚洲印度卡纳塔克邦州的希莫加地区[6],此后迅速扩散到其他5个邦[7],孟加拉国、尼泊尔、斯里兰卡、缅甸、泰国、也门也相继发现该虫的发生和危害[8]。2019年1月,草地贪夜蛾侵入我国云南省普洱市[9],截至5月10日,已在云南、广西、贵州、广东、湖南、海南、福建、浙江、湖北、四川、江西、重庆、河南等13省61市(州)261个县(市、区)为害玉米,发生面积7.2万公顷[10]。……

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