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烟嘧·辛酰溴油悬浮剂在玉米和土壤中的残留及安全使用评价

2019-08-16刘同金李瑞娟门兴元吕素红李丽莉于建垒宋国春李红尹振娟

山东农业科学 2019年6期

刘同金 李瑞娟 门兴元 吕素红 李丽莉 于建垒 宋国春 李红 尹振娟

摘要:为了评价烟嘧·辛酰溴油悬浮剂在玉米上的使用安全性,在山东、安徽两地采用田间试验及液相、气相分析方法研究了烟嘧·辛酰溴油悬浮剂在玉米和土壤中的消解动态及最终残留量。试验结果表明:烟嘧·辛酰溴油悬浮剂在玉米和土壤中的降解行为均符合一级降解动力学方程,烟嘧磺隆在玉米植株中的半衰期为2.8~3.9 d,在土壤中的半衰期为5.5~8.8 d;辛酰溴苯腈在玉米植株中的半衰期为1.5~2.4 d,在土壤中的半衰期为1.3~1.6 d,烟嘧·辛酰溴油悬浮剂在玉米上未检出最终残留量(< 0.01 mg/kg)。推荐20%烟嘧·辛酰溴油悬浮剂用于防除玉米田雜草时,以300~450 g a.i./hm2、于玉米田杂草2~4叶期、每公顷用药液600 kg茎叶喷雾一次为宜。

关键词:烟嘧磺隆;辛酰溴苯腈;玉米;土壤;残留;安全使用评价

中图分类号:S481+.8  文献标识号:A  文章编号:1001-4942(2019)06-0144-06

Abstract To evaluate the safety of nicosulfuron and bromoxynil octanoate used on corn, the samples were collected from Shandong and Anhui provinces, and the digestion dynamics and final residues in corn and soil were analyzed by liquid and gas chromatograph methods. The results showed that the degradation of cyhalothrin and bromoxynil octanoate OF in corn and soil both could be described by the first-order degradation kinetics equation. The half-life of nicosulfuron in corn was 2.8~3.9 days, while that in soil was 5.5~8.8 days. The half-life of bromoxynil octanoate in corn was 1.5~2.4 days, while that in soil was 1.3~1.6 days. None of the final residues of cyhalothrin and bromoxynil octanoate OF in corn was detected (<0.01 mg/kg). The application of 20% nicosulfuron and bromoxynil octanoate OF for weed control in corn fields was recommended as spraying stem and leaves one time with 600 kg per hectare at 300~450 g a.i./hm2 during 2~4-leaf period of weeds in corn fields.

Keywords Nicosulfuron; Bromoxynil octanoate; Corn; Soil; Residue; Application safety assessment

烟嘧磺隆(nicosulfuron),化学名称为2-(4, 6-二甲氧基-2-嘧啶基氨基甲酰氨基磺酰基)-N, N-二甲基烟酰胺,属内吸性除草剂,可用于防除玉米田一年生和多年生禾本科杂草、部分阔叶杂草及部分莎草科杂草,对玉米安全[1]。辛酰溴苯腈(bromoxynil octanoate),化学名称为3, 5-二溴-4-辛酰氧基苄腈,属选择性触杀型除草剂,苗后茎叶处理可防除一年生和多年生阔叶杂草,对玉米等作物安全[2,3]。

目前已有烟嘧磺隆和辛酰溴苯腈在玉米上残留研究的相关报道,如吴绪金等[4]对烟嘧磺隆在玉米和土壤中的残留进行了研究,陈柏[5]对辛酰溴苯腈在玉米中的残留进行了研究,而有关烟嘧磺隆和辛酰溴苯腈同时在玉米和土壤中的残留趋势及安全性评价尚未见报道。本文在山东、安徽……

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