韩小伟 张慧 薛艳芳 钱欣 王竹 赵海军 高英波 李宗新

摘要：本试验以郑单958（玉米）和济麦22（小麦）为供试材料，研究冬小麦-夏玉米周年氮肥分配比例（4∶ 6、5∶ 5和6∶ 4）及肥料种类（树脂包膜肥料、脲酶抑制性肥料和脲甲醛肥料）对冬小麦、夏玉米叶片SPAD值、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、硝酸还原酶及干物质积累的影响。结果表明，当冬小麦-夏玉米周年氮肥分配比例为6∶ 4时，冬小麦SPAD值、SOD活性、硝酸还原酶活性及干物质积累量均相对较高;当冬小麦-夏玉米周年氮肥分配比例为5∶ 5和4∶ 6时，夏玉米各生理指标及干物质积累量均较高。冬小麦-夏玉米周年氮肥分配比例为5∶ 5时周年干物质积累量较多，较4∶ 6和6∶ 4处理分别提高4.5%和8.5%。肥料种类对夏玉米生理特性及干物质积累量无显著影响。

关键词：冬小麦;夏玉米;氮肥统筹;肥料种类;生理特性

中图分类号：S512.1+10.62+S513.062  文献标识号：A  文章编号：1001-4942（2019）06-0091-06

Abstract In this experiment， Zhengdan 958 （maize） and Jimai 22 （wheat） were used as materials to study the effects of annual nitrogen allocation ratio （4∶ 6， 5∶ 5 and 6∶ 4） and fertilizer types （resin coated urea， urease inhibitory fertilizer and urea formaldehyde fertilizer） on SPAD value， superoxide dismutase （SOD） and nitrate reductase activities and dry matter accumulation in winter wheat and summer maize leaves. The results showed that the SPAD value， SOD activity， nitrate reductase activity and dry matter accumulation of winter wheat were relatively higher when the annual nitrogen allocation ratio of winter wheat to summer maize was 6∶ 4， and the physiological indexes and dry matter accumulation of summer maize were higher when the annual nitrogen allocation ratio of winter wheat to summer maize was 5∶ 5 and 4∶ 6. The annual dry matter accumulation of winter wheat-summer maize increased by 4.5% and 8.5% at the ratio of 5∶ 5 compared with that at 4∶ 6 and 6∶ 4 respectively. Fertilizer types had no significant effect on physiological characteristics and dry matter accumulation of summer maize.

Keywords Winter wheat; Summer maize; Nitrogen fertilizer planning; Fertilizer type; Physiological characteristics

冬小麥-夏玉米轮作是华北平原主要的作物种植模式。该区耕地面积占全国耕地面积的21%，粮食总产量占全国粮食总产的26%。其中该区（北京、天津、河北、山东、河南大部、安徽和江苏北部）冬小麦播种面积和产量分别占全国的66%和75%，玉米播种面积和产量分别占全国的31%和30%，这对于保障国家粮食安全具有重要意义[1]。

光合作用的强弱与植株叶绿素含量紧密相关，SPAD值作为衡量叶绿素含量的一种指标，与叶绿素含量呈正相关，同时叶绿素含量与植株氮营养有密切关系[2， 3]。生育后期是冬小麦、夏玉米产量形成的关键时期，该阶段植株衰老特性对于冬小麦、夏玉米籽粒的建成具有重要的影响[4]。……