建筑设计：度态建筑

Architects: dot Architects

白塔寺“未来之家”是一个位于北京老城的智能家居实验项目。甲方是家庭生活领域的互联网硬件创业公司，委托度态建筑设计一个实验性的住宅，探索未来年轻人的生活方式。

项目在西城区白塔寺附近，是内城保存较为完好的胡同院落片区。“未来之家”场地非常迷你，院子大约80m2，其中正房30m2，剩下的都是胡同内的违章加建。

在设计的开始，我们确定了3个关键词：家、胡同、未来。

家

未来年轻人的家庭是什么样子，决定了“未来之家”的空间形态。大龄单身、三口之家、同性伴侣、开放关系……多元化的生活状态被社会讨论和接纳。在个人生活之外，职业和社会也对“家”的定义提出了新的挑战。共享经济、自由职业和网络技术，也打破了传统意义上的“家”和“社会”之间的界限。生活正在被碎片化，而传统的“几室几厅”住宅产品模型也变得僵硬和陈旧。

我们认为“未来之家”应该体现这样的生活状态：工作和居住的无缝连接，重视使用的便利而不是物权的占有，强调生活的多元性而不是空间的尺寸，追随新鲜事物同时又重视生活的质量。

胡同

“未来之家”所在的白塔寺社区是老城胡同保护街区。胡同项目有先天的敏感性和局限，施工需要尽量减少现场机械作业，避免邻里干扰。另外，在按照政策拆除院子里的违章建筑之后，如何能够提供基本的厨房和卫生间，来解决胡同生活的基础设施缺乏问题，也需要设计师考虑。

未来

科技应该服务于人的生活。我们希望“未来之家”的重点落在“家”上，技术消隐在人的生活背后。对应在具体设计策略上，就是尽可能“轻盈”地解决现实的问题。

首先是砖木结构的正房，尽量减少改动，只做必要的修复，更换年久失修的屋顶结构。

正房内拆除原有的室内空间划分，置入两个智能移动家具模块和一个固定模块。移动模块可以灵活改变空间状态，在一个大开间和3个独立卧室的状态之中切换，充分考虑了年轻人灵活多样的生活方式。

移动模块的操纵是通过智能电视遥控来实现的，这套遥控系统还可以控制灯光、家电和窗帘，实现了家庭环境的软硬件一体化控制，体现了未来之家的科技水准。

通过软件来控制模块化的硬件，以此来解决空间需求，并且最小化地对原有结构造成干扰。这一设计思路也贯彻到院落里新增的厨房卫生间模块上。这个厨卫模块采用开源系统的维基房屋体系建造，全球共享设计数据、数控加工、平板包装、现场施工无需专业工具，手动拼装，实现修建过程对胡同居民和环境的最小化影响。

一个朋友把“未来之家”项目戏称为“智能平房”，我们觉得这个名字很贴切，非常接地气。看多了科幻电影中白色光洁的未来派建筑，坐落在老城胡同中的这个灰砖“未来”小房子很不显眼。它低调的外观、谦虚的内涵和丰富的使用状态，倒真的像北京这个城市的性格。

项目信息/Credits and Data

地点/Location: 宫门口四条42号/No.42 Gongmenkou Sitiao

主持建筑师/Principal Architect: 朵宁/DUO Ning

设计团队/Design Team: 孙青峰，毛妍妍/SUN Qingfeng,MAO Yanyan

结构顾问/Structure Consultants: 刘粟，维基房屋基金会/LIU Su, WikiHouse Foundation

移动装置顾问/Mechanic Consultant: 黄竣/HUANG Jun

建筑面积/Built Area: 30m2

设计/Project Design: 度态建筑/dot Architects

网址/Office Website: www.dot-a.net

竣工时间/Completion Time: 2017

摄影/Photos: 吴清山/WU Qingshan

1 改造后外景/Exterior view after renovation

2 改造后内景/Interior views after renovation

3 改造后内景/Interior views after renovation

4 家庭办公室/Home office

5 两间卧室/Two bedrooms

Baitasi House of the Future is located in a historic hutong area of Beijing. The client is a tech company focuses on the smart homes. The commission is to create an experimental house that suits the future lifestyles of young people.

Baitasi is one of the well preserved hutong neighbourhoods. The original site had a 30m2house and a 80m2yard cramped with illegal building works.

Our design strategy is focused on three words:home, hutong and future.

Home

When we talk about housing we are talking about home. The society is getting more diversified with proud singles, nuclear family, civil partnership, open relationship, etc. Apart from personal relationship, occupations and the social environment are also changing the definition of home. The boundary between home and society is blurred by the rise of the sharing economy, nomad workers and technology. Our lives are fragmented and can not be accommodated by a fixed layout.

The House of the Future should represent such a lifestyle of young people. They can fluidly shift between work and home. Access and convenience are more important to them than ownership. The possibilities of home space outweigh its physical dimension. They pursue new things while value the quality of life.

Hutong

As the project is located in a historic area which is also a busy neighbourhood, construction activity needs to be minimised. After demolishing all the illegal building works, a lightweight structure unit is inserted to provide the basic facilities for the house.

6 改造前外景/Exterior views before renovation

7 改造前外景/Exterior views before renovation

9 改造前外景/Exterior views before renovation

8 改造前外景/Exterior views before renovation

10 改造前内景/Interior view before renovation

Future

Technology should serve people, not the other way around. Although the House of the Future is equipped with many smart devices, we would like the house to be warm and cosy with all the tech hidden behind.

The original house is wood framed. To minimise construction work and reveal the beauty of traditional Chinese wooden structure, we replaced the decayed roof and removed all the interior partitions. Two moveable furniture modules and one fixed module are placed under the new roof.With the moveable modules, the house can have four different layout options. According to the needs of the residents, it can shift from a three bedrooms house to a small office. The façade can be open up to connect the living space and the outdoors.

The moveable modules are controlled by a smart TV. This TV system also controls lighting modes,curtains, security alarm and other home appliances.

Based on the strategy of minimal intervention,we use WikiHouse system for the only new built structure on site. It serves as the kitchen and toilet.The WikiHouse is an open-source project for building houses. It is lightweight and digitally fabricated. Its faster and cleaner construction process suits the crowded and noise sensitive neighbourhood very well.

Compared to many futuristic design, this tiny house is nothing close to future at the first look. But its humble appearance and user adaptive interior may reflect something about the future in the ancient capital.

评论

张昕楠：在未来之家的设计中，预制的集约化家具模块，一方面带来了灵活的空间划分，另一方面也混淆了建筑中空间分割系统与常规理解中家具尺度及意义的分野。这一以“未来”为名的设计策略，实则是对传统某种回归；如明、清的床、榻那样，传统的家具往往还有着明确定义空间的机能。因而，家具以其引发的身体姿态和物质化的量体，本来就在建筑系统中定义了空间使用者的行为、事件，并参与着空间划分。

范路：在白塔寺未来之家这一改造项目中，可移动的实木墙壁模块是关键设计要素。这3个模块整合了床铺、长椅和隔墙，并可以在两个相反的方向上移动。它们不仅让主要室内空间的形态发生变化，更以“时间差”的方式，让休息睡眠的私密空间和办公娱乐的公共空间发生重叠，带来更大的空间使用效率和更多的生活模式。当然，其顶部的空间连通会带来一些声音干扰，而喜爱白天睡觉的住户也会一定程度上降低空间使用的灵活性。

Comments

ZHANG Xinnan: In the design of House of the Future, the premade integrated furniture module both brings about flexible space division and mixes up the differences in either the space cutting system in architecture or the sizes and significance of furniture in conventional understanding. The design strategy,though under the name of "future", is in fact a kind of return to the tradition; as bed and couch in Ming and Qing dynasties, traditional furniture usually defines the function of a space. Therefore, with people's body posture and materialised measurement it triggers off,furniture de fines the activities and incidents of the space users in the architecture system and thus participates the space division. (Translated by QIAN Fang)

FAN Lu: In the renovation project of "House of the Future" in Baitasi district, the interior wood-panelled modules could be regarded as key elements in design.The three modules are integrated with beds, benches and partitions and could move in opposite directions.With these movable modules, the interior space can provide public working space in daytime and private resting space at night. While occasionally, one people's getting up too late in the morning might jeopardize roommates' working schedule.