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碳量子点对甜瓜幼苗镉胁迫的缓解作用

2019-08-03王运强肖炼邹正康杨道勇李俊丽戴照义

中国瓜菜 2019年6期

王运强 肖炼 邹正康 杨道勇 李俊丽 戴照义

摘    要:为探究碳量子点对植物镉胁迫的缓解作用,在含Cd2+的水培系统中加入不同浓度的碳量子点研究其对甜瓜生长发育的影响。结果表明,碳量子点能降低甜瓜幼苗根和叶中的Cd2+含量(11.4%~82%),缓解Cd2+对甜瓜生长的抑制作用。另外,碳量子点能提高叶绿素含量(8.5%~10.7%),降低根系活力、花青素、MDA含量(12.5%~14.4%)和POD活性,减弱Cd2+对叶绿素合成的阻碍,并通过调节根中代谢使可溶性蛋白含量增加抵御镉胁迫,提高根中CAT和叶中APX等酶的防御功能。综上所述,75 mg·L-1碳量子点对50 mg·L-1以下Cd2+造成的镉毒害修复作用最佳,为碳量子点作为一种新型重金属毒害修复剂在农业上的应用提供了参考。

关键词:甜瓜;碳量子点;镉离子;抗氧化酶 ;缓解

Abstract: In order to explore the alleviation effect of carbon quantum dots on cadmium stress in plants, different concentrations of carbon quantum dots were added to hydroponic systems containing cadmium ions (Cd2+) to cultivate melon seedlings. The results showed that carbon quantum dots can reduce the Cd2+(11.4%-82%)content in roots and leaves of melon seedlings, and alleviate the inhibitory effect of Cd2+ on melon seedlings growth. In addition, carbon quantum dots can increase chlorophyll content (8.5%-10.7%), reduce the root activity, anthocyanin, MDA content (12.5%-14.4%) and POD activity, attenuate the inhibition of Cd2+ on chlorophyll synthesis, and restore soluble protein content to resist cadmium stress by regulating root metabolism, and restore the defense function of enzymes such as CAT in the root and APX in the leaves. In summary, 75 mg·L-1 carbon quantum dots have the best repair effect on cadmium toxicity caused by Cd2+ below 50 mg·L-1. These provide a new reference for the application of carbon quantum dots as a heavy metal poisoning repair agent in agriculture.

Key words: Melon; Carbon quantum dots; Cadmium ion; Antioxidant enzyme; Alleviation

隨着经济的快速发展,在追求绿色文明的同时,环境污染问题也越来越受到人们的重视[1]。其中重金属由于毒性大、污染范围广、潜伏时间长,已经严重危害到生态环境[2]。镉(Cd)由于其在环境中具有很强的迁移转化特性及对人类健康的高度危害性而被列为第6位危害人类健康的有毒物质[3]。食物链是镉对人类健康造成危害的主要途径之一,而植物是生态系统的生产者,因而降低镉在植物体内的积累和毒害作用显得尤为重要[4-5]。已经有很多研究报道了降低植物镉毒害的方法,如已经发现硅(Si)可以减轻花生和玉米等植物中镉的毒性、分布和抗氧化酶的刺激[6-7];Hu等[8]报道了过氧化氢预处理可降低水稻幼苗的镉毒害和易位;Bai等[9]证明了添加200 μmol·L-1水杨酸可以显著减轻镉诱导的生理胁迫并促进黑麦草植物生长。……

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