王建彬　王惠林　徐宝林

摘    要：瓜类强雌系可用于简化人工杂交制种，通过选取硝酸银和硫代硫酸银作为诱雄剂，对籽瓜强雌系幼苗进行诱雄处理，为籽瓜强雌系扩繁保存提供理论依据。以籽瓜强雌系‘DK1为试材，采用不同浓度的硝酸银（100、300、500、700 mg·L-1）和硫代硫酸银（300、600、900、1 200 mg·L-1）溶液在幼苗第1～3片真葉平展期分别进行不同喷施次数（1次、2次、3次）处理，统计比较了2种诱雄剂不同浓度及次数处理后植株主蔓第5～20节位内两性花、雄花、雌花和败育花的数量。结果表明，300 mg·L-1硝酸银和900 mg·L-1硫代硫酸银喷施3次诱导两性花的效果最佳，其中硫代硫酸银溶液的诱导两性花数量优于硝酸银溶液。生产上可参考此诱雄方法扩繁籽瓜强雌系。

关键词：籽瓜;强雌系;硝酸银;硫代硫酸银;诱雄效果

Abstract： The predominately gynoecious of cucurbits can be used to simplify artificial hybrid seed production. In this study， silver nitrate and silver thiosulfate were selected as bisexual-inducting reagent to treat the seedling stage of predominately gynoecious of edible seed watermelon（Citrullus lanatus ssp. vulgaris var. megalaspermus Lin et Chao）， which provided a theoretical basis for the propagation and storage of the predominately gynoecious breeding line of edible seed watermelon. The predominately gynoecious of edible seed watermelon ‘DK1was used as materials to study the effects of inducing bisexual flowers by different concentrations of silver nitrate （100， 300， 500， 700 mg·L-1） and silver thiosulfate （300， 600， 900， 1 200 mg·L-1）， and the 1st to 3rd true leaf of extending stage was treated with different spraying times （1 time， 2 times， 3 times）. The number of bisexual flowers， male flowers， female flowers and abortive flowers in the 5th to 20th nodes were statistically compared， after treating with the two kinds of bisexual-inducting reagent in different times and concentrations. The results showed that the best effect of inducing amphoteric flowers was achieved by spraying silver nitrate concentration at 300 mg·L-1 and silver thiosulfate concentration at 900 mg·L-1 for 3 times， the number of amphoteric flowers induced by silver thiosulfate was superior to that of silver nitrate. It can be used for propagation and storage of the strong female breeding line of seed-used watermelon in production.

Key words： Edible seed watermelon; Predominately gynoecious; Silver nitrate; Silver thiosulfate; Effect of inducing male flowers

籽用西瓜（Citrullus lanatus ssp. vulgaris var. megalaspermus Lin et Chao），属葫芦科普通西瓜的一个籽用栽培变种，低糖瓜类，又称“打瓜”。是一种极具地域特色的农产品，主要分布在西北地区，其中新疆是栽培面积最大的地区。目前新疆籽瓜生产上主栽品种以‘新籽瓜1号‘民籽1号等常规种为主，杂交种因人工杂交制种成本高，生产上难以普及。实践生产中利用雌性系制种可以免除人工杂交、降低制种成本并可以有效提高种子品质[1]。由于雌性系本身并无雄花，使雌性系自交繁殖较困难，其获得后代的方法须利用诱雄剂进行苗期诱雄处理[2-3]。目前瓜类雌性系或强雌系的诱雄剂主要有硝酸银、硫代硫酸银和赤霉素[4-6]。其中国内在黄瓜雌性系采用硝酸银、硫代硫酸银诱雄处理已经较为普遍。……