碳税对集装箱海运网络运输成本的影响
2019-07-21李旭孟燕萍
李旭 孟燕萍



摘要:针对在全球绿色水运发展背景下的集装箱海运网络优化问题,引入碳税政策,综合考虑单路径碳排放约束、整个海运网络碳排放约束和不同地区碳税差异,以集装箱海运网络运输总成本最低为目标,构建集装箱海运网络优化模型。利用改进的遗传算法对模型进行求解。结果表明:集装箱海运网络的碳排放约束值与总运输成本呈负相关关系,碳税较低或不收取碳税的港口的中转箱量高于其他港口的中转箱量。在设计航线时,通常不会选择碳税较高的港口作为中转港。
关键词:碳税; 集装箱; 海运; 网络优化; 遗传算法
中图分类号:U695.2;F550.5
文献标志码:A
Abstract:For the container shipping network optimization issue under the background of global green waterway transportation, an optimization model for container shipping network with the objective of the minimum total transportation cost is set up, where the carbon tax policy is introduced, the carbon emission constraints of both single path and the whole shipping network are considered, and the carbon tax difference of different regions is considered. An improved genetic algorithm is used to solve the model. The results show that:the carbon emission constraint value of container shipping network is negatively related to the total transportation cost, and the container transfer volume of ports with lower carbon tax or no carbon tax is more than that of other ports. When designing routes, ports with higher carbon tax are usually not chosen as transshipment ports.
Key words:carbon tax; container; shipping; network optimization; genetic algorithm
收稿日期:2018-03-07
修回日期:2018-05-07
基金项目:
上海市社会科学基金(2017BGL015)
作者简介:
李旭 (1993—),女,安徽馬鞍山人,硕士研究生,研究方向为港航供应链管理,(E-mail)lixu1030@126.com;
孟燕萍(1980—),女,浙江诸暨人,讲师,博士,研究方向为港航运营与绿色供应链管理, (E-mail)yanpingmeng@126.com
0 引 言
集装箱船舶大型化和集装箱港口深水化的发展趋势使得规模经济愈加明显,带动了集装箱海运网络中大型枢纽港和国际航运中心的快速发展。为最大幅度地降低集装箱运输成本,轴辐式运输网络模式逐渐被人们接受[1]。在全球绿色水运发展背景下,作为碳排放主要来源的水运行业面临着重要的减排与优化改造任务。目前,全球范围内提出的促进减排的机制主要有碳排放权交易机制、强制减排机制和碳税机制[2],其中碳税机制通过税收调整相对价格以引导经济主体的行为,从而实现外部成本内部化。……
