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用益物权视角下的信托受益权

2019-07-19柳

柳

[摘 要]信托受益权的法律性质是信托法的重大问题,对此问题国内外理论界都存在多种学说且未形成主流观点。目前主要存在物权说、债权说、折中说等不同观点。从物权相关理论以及信托内涵分析,信托受益权具有对抗性、支配性和追及性,并且规定为物权更有利于保护当事人权益。可以将其纳入用益物权中,作为一种新型的、特殊的用益物权。

[关键词]信托;受益权;物权;债权;用益物权

[中图分类号]DF521[文献标识码]A [文章编号]1671-8372(2019)02-0082-05

Abstract:The legal nature of beneficiary right of trust is an important issue in the law of trust. There are many theories about this issue in domestic and foreign academic circles, but no mainstream views have been formed. At present, there is the theory of real right, creditor's right and compromise. From the theory of real right and the analysis of the connotation of trust, the beneficial right of trust features exclusiveness, dominance and pursuit, and it is more advantageous to protect the rights and the interests of the party concerned to stipulate it as real right. Therefore, the beneficial right of trust can be included in the usufructuary right as a new and special usufructuary right.

Key words:trust; beneficiary right; real right; creditors right; usufructuary right

自《信托法》制定以来,信托受益权已经成为重要的民事财产权利,但关于其权利性质,《信托法》并未明确规定。之后的《物权法》也未涉及此问题。目前,我国正在进行《民法典》编纂工作,“物权编”的修订正在进行,由于受益权的权利性质对受益人利益具有重要影响,该权利的性质应如何界定,是否应当在物权法中规定,以及如何在物权法中规定,实有探讨之必要。

一、关于信托受益权性质的学说

(一)英美法系

英美法系对信托受益权的性质主要有对人权说、对物权说、折中说。对人权说认为信托受益权是合同性质的权利。对物权说认为信托受益权性质上属于所有权。折中说认为信托受益权是既具有对人权性质又具有对物权性质的自成一类的权利[1]。

(二)大陆法系

大陆法系关于信托受益权性质的观点主要有以下几种观点:

1.债权说。该说认为受益人对信托财产并无直接的支配力,只对受托人享有请求权,在性质上属于债权[2]。……

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