基于GIS的山东省人口分布时空格局及影响因素分析
2019-06-18张鹏飞徐跃通
张鹏飞 徐跃通



摘 要:以山东省2001—2016年县域尺度下的人口统计数据为研究对象,在GIS的基础上,结合人口分布的结构指数以及空间自相关分析,探讨了山东省自2001年以来人口空间分布的时空格局分异规律。结果表明:(1)山东省在县域尺度下人口空间分布格局总体呈现多个同心环、西南高东北低的规律,人口两极分化明显。(2)以2001—2016年间每5年作为1个周期,人口分布的不均衡指数和集中指数当逐年递增的趋势,人口分布趋向于集中;2016年以前人口重心在东西方向上,每年缓慢地向东偏移1′左右,但在2016年,人口重心在东西方向上偏移了7′,南北方向上人口重心偏移则不明显。(3)利用GeoDa软件对县级人口密度进行处理,得出全局莫兰指数在逐年减小。表明山东省人口空间不是随机分布的状态,在一定程度上呈现出空间自相关性;根据局部莫兰指数进行局部空间自相关分析,将人口分布集聚的空间关联类型分为高-高、低-低、高-低、低-高4种类型。(4)区域自然环境与经济发展水平是影响人口分布时空格局的主要驱动因素。
关键词:人口分布;人口密度;空间自相关;GIS
中图分类号 C922;K901.3 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-7731(2019)09-0158-5
Abstract:Taking the population statistics under the county scale of Shandong province for 2001—2016 years as the research object, combining the structure index of population distribution and spatial autocorrelation analysis on the basis of GIS, this paper probes into the law of spatial and temporal pattern differentiation of population spatial distribution in Shandong Province since 2001, The results show that:(1) The spatial distribution pattern of population in Shandong province under the county scale shows a number of concentric rings,the law of Southwest high northeast and low,and the population polarization is obvious. (2) An unbalanced index and a concentrated index of population distribution as a cycle for a period of 2001—2016 years,which is increasing from year to year,tends to be concentrated; Before 2016,the population center of gravity shifted slowly eastward to east and West 1′, but in 2016, the population center of gravity shifted upward in the east and West 7′, The shift of population center of gravity in the north-south direction is not obvious. (3) Using Geoda software to deal with county-level population density, it is concluded that the global Moran Index is decreasing by year, which shows that the population space in Shandong province is not a randomly distributed state, which shows spatial autocorrelation to a certain extent, and the spatial correlation types of population distribution agglomeration are divided into high-high and higher, according to the local Moran index. Low-low, high-low, low-high 4 types. (4) The regional natural environment and economic development level are the main driving factors affecting the spatial and temporal pattern of population distribution.
Key words:Population distribution;Population density;Spatial autocorrelation;GIS
人口分布是指在一定時间内,存在于某个地区的一种人口动态变化的形式。从某种程度上来说,它反映的是一个地区自然条件和经济发展水平的差异[1]。研究人口分布时空格局的演变,对于探索该区域人口空间布局的规律,实现经济的可持续发展,促进区域人口、经济和资源的协调发展有着重要的指导意义[2]。……
