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环境对花椰菜保护地制种产量的影响

2019-05-13牛国保姚星伟单晓政文正华刘莉莉江汉民张小丽马云生孙德岭

中国瓜菜 2019年1期

牛国保 姚星伟 单晓政 文正华 刘莉莉 江汉民 张小丽 马云生 孙德岭

摘 要: 为了明确花椰菜保护地制种产量与相关环境因素的关系,找到花椰菜保护地制种的最佳环境模式,以保护地制种相关影响因素为研究对象,观测其对花椰菜制种产量的影响。结果表明,花椰菜保护地制种的适宜地温为20 ℃,667 m2种子产量达40.8 kg;光照强度直接影响花椰菜制种的产量,1层遮阳网覆盖条件下667 m2种子产量为5.5 kg,无遮阳网覆盖条件下667 m2种子产量达32.0 kg;叶面喷施0.1%(w,后同)的硼酸具有较好的增产效果,667 m2种子产量达36.8 kg;保护地重茬栽培将导致种子产量急速下降,重茬4年后667 m2种子产量仅为1.2 kg,几乎绝收,但经温室换土处理后种子产量可基本恢复,667 m2种子产量达30.2 kg。

关键词: 花椰菜; 保护地; 环境模式; 繁种

Abstract: In order to clarify the relationship between the seed production and the related environment factors and find out the best environmental model, the related factors which might affect the seed production of cauliflower were studied. The results indicated that the suitable ground temperature for cauliflower seed production was 20 ℃ and the seed production per 667 m2 was 40.8 kg. The seed production per 667 m2 was 5.5 kg under one layer of shade net. However, the seed production per 667 m2 was 32.0 kg with none shade net. Spraying 0.1%(w) boric acid on the leaf surface showed positive effect in increasing the yield, and the seed production per 667 m2 was 36.8 kg. Continuous cropping cultivation in protected field caused seed production declined rapidly. After continuous cropping cultivation for 4 years, the seed production per 667 m2 was only 1.2 kg. However, the seed production per 667 m2 could return to 30.2 kg after soil replacement.

Key words: Cauliflower; Protected field; Environment model; Seed production

花椰菜營养丰富且具有保健功能,深受广大消费者的喜爱,近年来栽培面积和消费量迅速增加,目前花椰菜已成为国内外蔬菜市场的主要蔬菜种类之一。花椰菜制种面积也随着栽培面积和良种销售量的增加而不断扩大,目前我国花椰菜主要制种基地集中在云南,但是存在连年重茬种植和区域性自然灾害频发的情况,制种基地过于集中可能会发生严重的灾害,轻者减产,重者绝收。因此,扩宽花椰菜制种区域,开展保护地花椰菜杂交制种技术研究[1-3],建立不同种植时期和方式对花椰菜产量影响的技术体系[4-6],建立适合不同生态条件的花椰菜制种技术体系尤为重要。笔者主要进行了保护地环境控制模式与花椰菜制种产量的相关性研究。……

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