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100份西瓜种质果实品质相关性状的遗传多样性分析

2019-05-13李清郭禄芹方晓霞胡倩梅杨世超刘东明杨路明马长生

中国瓜菜 2019年1期

李清 郭禄芹 方晓霞 胡倩梅 杨世超 刘东明 杨路明 马长生

摘 要: 以来自世界各地的100份西瓜种质为供试材料,对12个果实品质相关性状进行变异分析、主成分分析及聚类分析。变异分析结果表明,12个果实性状的多样性指数的变化范围为0.44~2.06;变异系数介于16.37%~71.13%,果实剖面的变异系数最大,为71.13%,果实横径的变异系数最小,为16.37%。主成分分析结果表明,12个果实性状归纳为3个主成分,累计贡献率可达71.99%。聚类分析将100份西瓜种质材料分为2大类群,类群Ⅰ包括3份野生西瓜,类群Ⅱ包括97份西瓜材料,其中绝大部分为栽培西瓜。上述研究结果表明,西瓜种质资源果实性状具有较为丰富的多样性表现,这将为西瓜果实遗传改良和优质新品种选育提供重要的参考依据。

关键词: 西瓜;果实性状;变异系数;多样性指数

Abstract:In this study, the variation analysis, principal component analysis and clustering analysis of 12 fruit related traits were investigated of 100 watermelon germplasms selected around the world. The results of variance analysis showed that the diversity index of 12 fruit related traits ranged from 0.44 to 2.06, the coefficient of variation (CV) changed from 16.37% to 71.13%, among of which the maximum CV was 71.13% for fruit profile, whereas the minimum CV was 16.37% for fruit transverse diameter. Principal component analysis suggested that 12 fruit related traits were summarized into three principal components, and the cumulative contribution rate was 71.99%. In addition, the 100 watermelon germplasms were divided into two groups based on the cluster analysis. The group I contained 3 wild watermelons, while the group II included 97 watermelon germplasms, most of which are cultivated watermelons. The results of this study indicate that the fruit related traits in watermelon germplasms have rich diversity, which will lay a basis for genetic improvement and breeding of fruits in watermelon.

Key words:Watermelon; Fruit traits; Variation coefficient; Diversity index

西瓜[Citrullus lanatus(Thunb.)Matsum. & Nakai]為世界十大水果之一,在植物分类学中属于葫芦科(Cucurbitaceae)西瓜属(Citrullus)一年生蔓性草本植物,因其瓜瓤肉质多汁,富含糖类、维生素及矿物质等,并有清热解暑、清凉止渴的作用,深受人们喜爱,在世界各地广泛种植。中国作为西瓜生产和消费第一大国[1],从20世纪50年代开始进行西瓜培育。利用最为直观、最基础的形态学方法对西瓜种质资源进行遗传多样性分析,有利于从整体上了解西瓜种质资源的丰富程度,为育种工作者提供丰富的原始材料信息[2]。

西瓜果实品质包括果实形状、果实大小、果皮厚度、果皮颜色、果肉质地、果肉颜色、 糖含量、类胡萝卜素含量、香气、风味和营养成分等性状,这些性状具有丰富的多样性差异 [3-5]。……

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