基于结构方程模型的养老护理员离职倾向研究
2019-03-18闵瑰赵国琴汪爱琴
闵瑰 赵国琴 汪爱琴


[摘要] 目的 探讨养老护理员工作嵌入、情绪智力与离职倾向三者关系,并验证情绪智力的中介效应。 方法 采用便利抽样法,使用工作嵌入量表、情绪智力量表、离职倾向量表,结合职业生涯周期理论,于2017年1~3月,对江西省202名养老护理员进行调查,使用SPSS 24.0及AMOS 24.0软件进行统计分析并构建结构方程模型。 结果 职业生涯周期、性别、婚姻、月收入、教育程度是工作嵌入、情绪智力、离职倾向的影响因素(P < 0.05);工作嵌入与离职倾向呈负相关(r = -0.701,P = 0.000);情绪智力与工作嵌入呈正相关(r = 0.144,P = 0.041),与离职倾向呈负相关(r = -0.638,P = 0.000)。情绪智力在工作嵌入对离职倾向的影响过程中发挥部分中介效应(中介效应比值=11.16%)。 结论 高情绪智力的养老护理员有良好的人际关系,更容易融入组织和适应工作环境,能增加组织和社区联结度,提高工作嵌入,从而减少离职倾向,降低离职率。
[关键词] 养老护理员;工作嵌入;情绪智力;离职倾向;结构方程模型
[中图分类号] D632.1 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2019)01(c)-0159-05
[Abstract] Objective To explore the relationship among job embeddedness, emotional intelligence and turnover intention of the elderly nursing staff, and to verify the mediating effect on emotional intelligence. Methods A total of 202 elderly nursing staff in Jiangxi Province from January to March 2017 were selected. Convenient sampling method was used, and job embeddedness scale, emotional intelligence scale, turnover intention scale, in combination with occupation career cycle theory, a structural equation model was constructed with SPSS 24.0 and AMOS 24.0 software. Results Career cycle, gender, marital status, monthly income and education level were effective factors on job embeddedness, emotional intelligence and turnover intention (P < 0.05). Job embeddedness was negatively related to turnover intention (r = -0.701, P = 0.000), while emotional intelligence was positively correlated with job embeddedness (r = 0.144, P = 0.041), negatively correlated with turnover intention (r = -0.638, P = 0.000). Emotional intelligence appears partially mediate impact of job embeddedness on turnover intention (ratio of mediating effects = 11.16%). Conclusion Elderly nursing staff with fine emotional intelligence are helpful for interpersonal relationship, harmony group life and peaceful working environment, and also can increase job embeddedness and organizing capability, which can reduce turnover intention and turnover rate.
[Key words] The elderly nursing staff; Job embeddedness; Emotional intelligence; Turnover intention; Structural equation model
据统计,2015年我国养老护理员流失率约70%,远高于同年全国企业员工平均离职率17.7%[1]。因此,如何有效降低养老护理员离职率,确保一批高效、可靠稳定的养老护理员,是我国亟待解决的难题之一。离职倾向指个体主动离开所在单位,选择其他单位的一种意向,是預测员工离职行为最有效的指标[2]。工作嵌入概念被广泛应用于对员工自愿离职的解释,并被比喻为“像一张网,使人‘陷入其中”,工作嵌入越高离职倾向越低[3]。情绪智力指的是个体监控自己和他人的情绪和情感,并识别、利用这些信息引导思维和行为的能力[4]。情绪智力得分越高,离职意愿越低[5]。
本研究通过总结以往相关文献和研究成果,分析情绪智力、工作嵌入、离职倾向三者关系并探索影响离职倾向的中介效应。提出了四个研究假设,并构建理论模型。H1:工作嵌入对离职倾向有负向作用;H2:情绪智力对离职倾向有负向作用;H3:情绪智力对工作嵌入有正向作用;H4:情绪智力在工作嵌入与离职倾向之间具有中介效应。……
