尤春 李长根

摘    要：为了探讨不同砧木嫁接对番茄产量和品质的影响，以‘粉霸2000番茄为试验材料，选择‘美砧一号‘砧霸一号‘托鲁巴姆‘强力砧‘新纳姆5个砧木品种进行比较试验，‘美砧一号砧木嫁接番茄成活率达90.67%，果实品质与对照无显著差异，单果质量0.24 kg，667 m2产量7 002.79 kg，比自根苗分别增加了41.17%，58.97%。综合评价认为，‘美砧一号砧木嫁接番茄不仅成活率高，而且能显著促进植株生长，提高番茄产量，可作为番茄嫁接砧木选择的参考品种在盐城地区推广。

关键词：番茄;砧木;嫁接

Effects of different rootstocks on the growth and quality of tomato

YOU Chun1， LI Changgen2

（1. Yancheng Institute of Vegetables， Yancheng 224002， Jiangsu， China; 2. Yancheng Biological Engineering Higher Vocational Technology School， Yancheng 224051， Jiangsu， China）

Abstract： In order to study the effects of different rootstocks on the yield and quality of tomato， five different rootstocks（‘Meizhen No. 1， ‘Zhenba No. 1， ‘Solanum torvum， ‘Qiangli zhenand ‘Xinnamu） were applied to perform the comparative test in this research，  the tomato variety ‘Fenba2000from Zhengzhou Zhengyan Seedling Technology Co.， Ltd. was used as scion. The result showed that the survival rate of tomato seedlings grafted by ‘Meizhen No. 1 was 90.67%，  but there was no significant difference in fruit quality when compared with the self-rooted seedlings. The average fruit weight was 0.24 kg and the yield per 666.7 m2 was 7 002.79 kg， which was 41.17% and 58.97% higher than these of the control， respectively. According to the comprehensive evaluation， when‘Meizhen No. 1 was used as rootstock， the survival rate of grafted seedlings was increased， the plant growth and yield were improved， so it could be used as the reference rootstock variety for tomato in Yancheng area.

Key words： Tomato; Rootstock; Grafting

番茄，即西红柿（Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.），属茄科一年生或多年生草本植物，原产于中美洲和南美洲，我国每年播种面积为146万hm2左右。番茄含有丰富的营养元素，可生熟两用，亦可加工成酱、汁等。番茄是江苏地区保护地栽培的重要蔬菜之一，早春大棚、秋延后大棚、露地越夏茬是主要的栽培方式。保护地栽培带来了高效益，但是由于连年种植，根系分泌物常年积聚，番茄青枯病等土传病害发生率逐年上升。研究表明，采用适宜砧木嫁接可提高番茄抗病性[1]，促进植株对养分的吸收，提高产量[2]。但采用不适宜的砧木嫁接后，嫁接植株无法生长或生长不良，会给生产造成极大损失，特别是后期不亲和造成的损失更严重[3]。因此，选用优良砧木品种是番茄嫁接栽培取得成功的关键，其中嫁接亲和性是衡量砧木优劣的首要标准[4]。通过选用高抗砧木进行嫁接栽培是防治番茄土传病害行之有效的方法，同时也是克服设施番茄连作障碍、减少农药施用、实现无公害生产的重要途径。……