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不同浓度磷对茄子叶片光合及荧光特性的影响

2019-01-13韩梦张荣陈爽单光耀刘晓徐帅王巨媛翟胜

中国瓜菜 2019年12期

韩梦 张荣 陈爽 单光耀 刘晓 徐帅 王巨媛 翟胜

摘    要:为探求不同浓度磷对茄子幼苗光合、荧光特性的影响,采用水培方法,在Hoaglands基本营养液(CK)基础上,设置4个低磷处理。结果表明,对照的叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量显著高于其他处理。净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)随着浓度磷的增大不断增高,在0.60 mmol·L-1磷含量时达最大值,且与其他处理差异显著。不同浓度磷处理下最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)均值相近,说明在不同浓度磷处理下茄子叶片均能保持较高活力。综合分析表明,0.60 mmol·L-1浓度磷即可满足茄子正常生长对磷的需求。

关键词:茄子;磷;光合特性;荧光特性

Effects of different phosphorus on photosynthetic and fluorescence characteristics of eggplant

HAN Meng, ZHANG Rong, CHEN Shuang, SHAN Guangyao, LIU Xiao, XU Shuai, WANG Juyuan, ZHAI Sheng

(Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, Shandong, China)

Abstract: In order to explore the effects of different phosphorus concentration levels on photosynthetic characteristics, fluorescence parameters of eggplant seedlings, four treatments were adopted in this study: Hoagland's basic nutrient solution (control) and phosphorus concentration basic nutrient solution. The results showed that the content of chlorophyll and carotenoid in control was significantly higher than that in other treatments. Net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs) increased with the increase of phosphorus concentration, reaching the maximum at 0.60 mmol·L-1 phosphorus content, and there was significant difference with phosphorus treatment. The maximum photochemistry efficiency (Fv/Fm) of eggplant leaves treated with different phosphorus concentration was similar, indicating that eggplant leaves could maintain higher vigor under different phosphorus concentration. The phosphorus solution at 0.60 mmol·L-1 concentration can meet the normal growth of eggplant phosphorus demand.

Key words: Eggplant; Phosphorus; Photosynthetic; Fluorescence

磷是植物生长发育必需的营养元素之一。在植物光合、呼吸作用等生理生化调控中发挥着重要作用。大量研究表明,适宜的磷供应能增加植物葉绿素的含量并增强光合作用,可以促进根系生长,增加产量,改善品质,而磷含量过低或过高,都会影响作物的生长发育[1-3]。由于近年来磷肥施用量的不断增多,土壤盈余的农田磷通过地表径流、渗漏等方式向地表、地下水体迁移,农田磷的环境风险等生态问题显现出来。有关植物磷营养与合理施磷的研究一直是植物营养与施肥研究的热点之一[4]。茄子( Solanum melongena L.)为茄科茄属作物,在中国属第三大茄科蔬菜,种植面积仅次于马铃薯和番茄。茄子生育期长,要求养分供应量较大,且持续时间长。为满足茄子的高产需求,必须采取科学平衡的施肥措施有效供应营养。以往的缺素探究试验大部分是在大田进行的,缺乏可控条件下的深入系统研究。……

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