李威 李可 魏长宾 吕玲玲

摘    要：以华南区主栽茄子品种‘长丰三号为材料，研究冬季露地覆膜栽培对茄子植株干物质积累、各器官养分吸收和茄子产量的影响，旨在为华南地区冬季茄子高效栽培提供理论依据。试验结果表明，除苗期外，覆膜栽培茄子的干物质积累量均显著高于同一生育期无膜栽培的茄子，在盛果期，其根、茎、叶和果实的干质量分别比无膜栽培的高55.14%、30.23%、23.62%和22.34%。整个生育期，覆膜栽培茄子吸收的氮、磷和钾的总量均显著高于无膜栽培，分别高13.17%、17.12%和18.81%，但2种栽培模式下茄子对氮、磷和钾元素的吸收量均为：氮>钾>磷，且二者对氮磷钾的吸收比例基本一致。同时，覆膜栽培茄子的单株果数和单株产量也均显著高于无膜栽培的。因此，冬季茄子露地覆膜栽培可有效促进茄子对养分的积累并具有良好的增产效果，该栽培模式具备较好的推广前景。

关键词：茄子;覆膜栽培;养分吸收;产量

Effect of mulching cultivation on nutrients absorption of winter eggplant in open field in South China

LI Wei， LI Ke， WEI Changbin， L? Lingling

（Zhanjiang City Key Laboratory for Tropical Crops Genetic Improvement / South Subtropical Crops Research Institute， Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science， Zhanjiang 524091， Guangdong， China）

Abstract： In order to provide the theoretical basis for efficient cultivation of eggplants in winter in South China， ‘Changfeng 3 cultivar was used as the test material， the effects of film mulching on dry matter accumulation， nutrient absorption of organs and the yield were studied in winter. The results showed that the dry matter accumulation of eggs under mulch cultivation was significantly higher than that of the non-film cultivation ones at the same growth stage except the seedling stage. Especially in middle fruiting stage， the dry weight of roots， stems， leaves and fruits were increased by 55.14%， 30.23%， 23.62% and 22.34%， respectively. During the whole growth period， compared to the non-film cultivation， the total amount of nitrogen， phosphorus and potassium absorbed by eggplant under mulch cultivation were increased by 13.17%， 17.12% and 18.81%， respectively. However， the absorption of nitrogen by eggplant was the highest， which was followed by potassium and phosphorus， meanwhile， the absorption ratio of N， P and K were almost the same. At the same time， the numbers of fruits per plant and the yield per plant were significantly higher than those of the non-film cultivation ones. The mulching cultivation could effectively promote the accumulation of nutrients and increase the production of eggplant in Northwest Guangdong in winter open filed cultivation.

Key words： Eggplant; Cultivation with plastic film mulching; Nutrients absorption; Yield

茄子性喜温光，具有较强的栽培适应性，因其高产、营养丰富且具有较高的医用价值而在世界各地广泛栽培。地膜覆盖作为一项高效的栽培技术，有利于保持良好的土壤水、热环境，可提高土壤耕作層中的根干比、增强根系与土壤交互作用、提高根冠比并促进植株干物质的积累[1];同时，地膜覆盖可增强土壤微生物活动，从而改善植物根际微生态环境，为作物生长提供适宜的根际环境[2]。Liu 等[3]发现全覆膜、半覆膜的覆膜方式均能促进土壤有机质矿化，显著提高根生物量和作物产量，但半覆膜效果不如全覆膜。王玉……