秸秆生物炭用量对马铃薯品质及土壤生化性质的影响
2019-01-13屠娟丽费伟英张平
屠娟丽 费伟英 张平



摘 要:为了解不同秸秆生物炭对马铃薯品质及土壤性质的影响,设置了生物炭用量分别为0、100、150、200、250 g·株-1的5个处理5次重复的田间试验,收获时,对马铃薯产量、品质和土壤生化性质进行了分析。结果表明,秸秆生物炭施用量为200 g·株-1为宜,与对照相比,马铃薯产量提高了38.5%,块茎中淀粉、蛋白质和维生素C含量分别提高了13.5%、21.4%和30.5%,根区土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、多酚氧化酶和蔗糖酶活性分别增加了17.6%、15.4%、34.3%、79.3%,土壤微生物的AWCD值(平均吸光值)、丰富度指数、优势度指数和均匀度指数等分别增加77.8%、21.7%、10.7%、82.3%。
关键词:马铃薯;淀粉;蛋白质;维生素C;土壤酶;土壤微生物;生物炭
Effect of the amount of biochar on potato quality and soil biochemical properties
TU Juanli, FEI Weiying, ZHANG Ping
(Jiaxing Vocational Technical College, Jiaxing 314036, Zhejiang, China)
Abstract: In order to understand the effects of different biochar on potato quality and soil properties, five field treatments with biochar consumption of 0, 100, 150, 200, 250 g·strain-1 were set up. Potato yield, quality and soil biochemical properties were analyzed at harvest. The results showed that the best amount of application of biochar application was 200 g per plant. Compared with the control, the potato yield increased by 38.5%; the starch, protein and vitamin C content in the tubers increased by 13.5%, 21.4% and 30.5%, respectively; the soil catalase, urease, polyphenol oxidase and invertase activities in the root zone increased by 17.6%, 15.4%, 34.3%, and 79.3%, respectively; the AWCD value, richness index, dominance index and evenness index of soil microbes also increased by 77.8%, 21.7%, 10.7%, and 82.3%, respectively.
Key words: Potato; Starch; Protein; Vitamin C; Soil enzyme; Soil microorganism; Biochar
馬铃薯(Solanum tuberosum)是茄科一年生草本植物,富含淀粉、蛋白质和和维生素C,是十全十美的全价营养食物[1]。2015年我国提出了马铃薯主粮化战略,是继水稻、小麦和玉米之后的第四大粮食作物[2],因此高产优质马铃薯种植技术的研究显得尤为重要。
生物炭是指作物秸秆、木屑、动物粪便在高温无氧条件下制备而成的结构疏松、多孔性的裂解产物,具有保水保肥和较强的吸附功能[4-5]。任少勇等[6-7]以生物质炭为主要成分的炭基肥施用后的马铃薯单株结薯数、大薯率、产量、干物质积累量和块茎直链淀粉、支链淀粉、总淀粉和蛋白质含量均高于等量氮磷钾条件下的化肥施用,而还原糖含量低于化肥。黄修梅等[8]研究了现生物质碳添加降低了土壤真菌丰度,提高了马铃薯单株产量、单株结薯数和商品薯率。付春娜等[9]研究表明,生物质炭施用可减缓干旱胁迫对植株的伤害,提高马铃薯株高、主茎数、茎粗,增大干物质积累量,增强叶片的净光合速率、蒸腾速率,而降低胞间CO2浓度。……
