王崇华 孙斌 王志坚 王磊 刘金文

摘 要：针对传统人工破膜法劳动时间长、劳动强度大的问题，对大蒜栽培方式进行了改进，并创新出一种湿毡破膜法。为了解2种破膜法的破膜效果，开展了2种破膜法对破膜率、人工耗时及蒜薹和蒜头产量影响的试验。结果表明，采用湿毡破膜法能显著提高大蒜破膜率并显著减少人工耗时，其大蒜破膜率达到95.67%，人工耗时仅为100.79 min·667 m-2，且不会影响蒜薹和蒜头产量。综合来看，湿毡破膜法可替代现有人工破膜法。研究结果可为大蒜破膜提供依据，并为大蒜破膜的机械化提供理论基础。

关键词：大蒜;湿毡;破膜率;耗时;蒜薹;产量

Effect of wet felt film breaking method on the film breaking rate and  yield of garlic

WANG Chonghua1， SUN Bin1， WANG Zhijian2， WANG Lei2， LIU Jinwen2

（1. Henan Vocational College of Agricultural， Zhongmu 451450， Henan， China;2. Zhongmu County Agricultural and Rural Work Committee， Zhongmu 451450， Henan， China）

Abstract： The garlic cultivation method was improved and a wet felt film breaking method was innovated in this paper aiming at the problems of long working time and high labor intensity of traditional artificial film breaking method. In order to understand the breaking effect of the two methods， the breaking rate， artificial time consumption and yield of garlic bolt and garlic were compared in this research. The results showed that breaking rate of garlic and artificial time were significantly reduced under wet felt film cultivation， breaking rate of garlic reached 95.67% and the artificial time was only 100.79 min per 667 m2， while garlic bolt yield and garlic yield were not significantly affected . Taken together， artificial membrane breaking might be replaced by wet felt membrane breaking method. Our results could provide a basis for garlic film breaking and the mechanization of garlic film breaking.

Key words： Garlic; Wet felt; Film breaking rate; Time-consuming; Garlic bolt; Yield

大蒜在我国已有悠久的栽培历史和大规模栽培，在一些大蒜种植区，大蒜已经代替小麦成为当地主要作物[1]。据2017年统计，在河南大蒜种植较集中的区域，中牟大蒜种植面积达到2.33万hm2，开封市杞县大蒜种植面积达到3.33万hm2，并辐射带动开封市尉氏县、通许县、祥符区等地区大蒜生产基地超1.33万hm2[2-3]。大蒜一般进行地膜覆盖栽培，采用地膜覆盖栽培技术能够提高冬季0～20 cm土壤地温，保证大蒜幼苗安全越冬，特别是早春避免了浇水降低地温的弊端，为植物的生长创造了有利条件，有利于提高大蒜产量和经济效益;地膜的不透水性，降低了土壤水分蒸发量，有利于土壤的保墒防旱，同时也减少了浇水次数。在河南、山东蒜區，地膜覆盖栽培技术推广面积接近100%[4-7]。

大蒜出苗后，由于叶片较软，蒜苗不易将地膜顶透。为……