黄亚杰 肖瑜 乔军 刘惠静 闻赛男 李素文

摘    要：为研究纳米钴肥料对蔬菜作物种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响，利用超声波处理方法制备获得了不同浓度钴纳米溶液，并通过浸种方法对番茄、茄子、黄瓜、白菜种子进行了处理。种子处理后进行室内发芽试验和温室育苗试验，对4种蔬菜作物进行种子萌发和幼苗生长测定。结果表明，纳米钴浸种对黄瓜穴盘苗生长具有促进作用，质量浓度为0.2 g·L-1时效果最好，播种后第15天，处理组比对照组幼苗总鲜质量高45.37%;番茄播种后30 d，处理组叶色比对照组浓绿，株高没有明显差异;茄子播种第35天后，处理组比对照组幼苗鲜质量低达21.4%。因此认为，在试验浓度下，钴纳米肥料浸种可促进黄瓜穴盘苗生长，抑制茄子幼苗生长，对番茄及白菜作用不明显。

关键词：蔬菜;纳米;钴粉;种子萌发;幼苗生长

Effects of nano cobalt particles treatment on the germination and seedling growth of 4 kinds of vegetable seeds

HUANG Yajie， XIAO Yu， QIAO Jun， LIU Huijing， WEN Sainan， LI Suwen

（Tianjin Key Laboratory of Vegetable Genetics and Breeding / State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation / Tianjin Kernel Vegetable Research Institute， Tianjin 300384， China）

Abstract： To study the effects of nano cobalt fertilizer on vegetable seeds， different concentrations of nano cobalt solutions treated by ultrasonic were used in our study， 4 kinds of vegetable seeds （tomato， eggplant， cucumber and cabbage） were used as testing materials， soaking seeds method was carried out. After seeds treatment， indoor germination test and greenhouse seedling test were carried out， seed germination and seedling growth of testing seeds f were measured. The results showed the growth of cucumber seedlings was improved by nano cobalt， the 0.2 g·L-1 nano cobalt solution showed the best treatment effect， the total fresh weight of the seedlings was increased by 45.37% when compared with the control. The tomato leaves appeared to be greener compared with the control plants， but with no significant difference in the seedling height. The fresh weight of eggplant plants was 21.4% lower than that of control 35 days after sowing. In conclusion， under the conditions of this experiment， nano cobalt fertilizer could promote the seedling growth of cucumber， but inhibited the growth of eggplant， while with no significant effect on Chinese cabbage or tomato.

Key words： Vegetable; Nano; Cobalt; Germination; Seedling growth

納米材料是指晶体尺寸小于100 nm的单晶体或多晶体。纳米材料在农业领域应用研究有很多，例如农产品保鲜[1]、肥料增效[2]、种子萌发及生长发育[3-5]等。纳米材料可以活化水分子，增强水的活性和能量，进而促进种子代谢，提高种子发芽势[6]。钴元素是人体、动物、蓝藻、微生物及豆科作物等所必需的营养元素[7]。有报道指出，钴是植物固氮能手，对多种作物具有增产和改善品质的作用[8]。施用适量的钴和钼对距瓣豆的干物质产量和种子产量有不同程度的增加作用[9]。钴能抑制植物体内乙烯的生物合成，即抑制由ACC（1-氨基-环丙烷-1-羧酸）向ETH的转变，进而降低它对生长素和细胞分裂素生物合成的抑制作用，从而有利于植物生长[10]。……