贾琦

摘 要：绿色空间作为城市中的重要稀缺资源，为城市的低碳生态发展和人居环境建设提供多种生态服务保障。探讨如何在有限的城市空间内进行合理的规划设计城市绿色空间，进而使其发挥最大的生态价值显得尤为重要。结果表明，天津市主城区三种绿色空间类型所产生降温强度主要受其临近斑块数量因素的影响较大，其次在面积和形状指数方面也有显著影响。在绿色空间规划建设中，由于加大自身面积的情况约束较多，因此，可以将边界复杂化来增强其自身降温强度。各类绿色空间类型在样方带内的空间分布越集中，则降温强度越明显，绿色空间斑块的破碎化程度越高，则其地表温度也越高。研究中所用的数据和分析方法能够从宏观角度反映绿色空间格局对局地热环境的降温影响，从不同类型的绿色空间视角展开讨论，可促进城市生态与人居环境向可持续方向优化与发展。

关键词：绿色空间；热环境；景观指数；天津市

中图分类号：TU986 文献标识码：A DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2018.11.021

Study on Coupling of Green Space and Its Cooling Effect based on Landscape Index in Tianjin

JIA Qi

（Department of Environmental Design， Zhengzhou Institute of Light Industry， Zhengzhou， Henan 450002， China）

Abstract： As an important scarce resource in the city， green space provides a variety of ecological services for the city's low-carbon ecological development and human settlements. It is particularly important to explore how to make reasonable plans for designing urban green spaces with limited urban space， and then to make use of the maximum ecological value. The results show that the intensity of cooling generated by the three types of green space is mainly affected by the number of adjacent patches in the main urban area of Tianjin， and secondly， there is a significant influence on the area and shape index. In the planning and construction of green space， because there are more constraints on the increase of its own area， it is possible to complicate the boundary to enhance its own cooling intensity. The spatial distribution of various types of green space is more concentrated in the sample zone， the more obvious the cooling intensity， the higher the degree of fragmentation of the green space patch， the higher the surface temperature. The data and analysis methods used in the research can reflect the cooling effect of the green spatial pattern on the geothermal environment from a macro perspective. Discussions from different types of green space perspectives can promote the optimization and development of urban ecology and human settlements in the sustainable direction.

Key words： green space； thermal environment； landscape index； Tianjin

在近些年快速的城市擴张背景下，全球城市人口从一百年前的不足一成上升至今日的五成以上，迅速的城市化运动和城市人口的剧增导致城市人居环境日趋恶劣，其中尤以城市热环境效应更为显著。它作为各类城市均存在的微气候效应，在很大程度上直接影响一个城市的生态可持续发展和居民的身体健康状况[1]。它主要侧重反映城市地表不同类型的土地覆盖产生的地面热场空间分异情况[2]。……