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攀枝花烟区土壤水溶性氯含量及其氯肥适宜用量研究

2018-12-27闫芳芳苏兆俊张映杰张宗锦徐祥玉袁家富曾庆宾杨军伟

天津农业科学 2018年11期
关键词:质量

闫芳芳 苏兆俊 张映杰 张宗锦 徐祥玉 袁家富 曾庆宾 杨军伟

摘 要:氯是烟草必需的营养元素,参与烟草的生长发育和生理生化反应,并最终影响烟叶的质量。为明确攀枝花烟区土壤水溶性氯含量状况、探明氯肥施用标准,通过多年多点调查和田间试验,研究了攀枝花烟区适宜的氯肥施用量及其對烟叶产量、质量的影响。结果表明,攀枝花烟区土壤水溶性氯变幅为0.20~35.34 mg·kg-1,平均为(12.64±7.70 ) mg·kg-1,76.51%的土壤水溶性氯含量低或极低(<20 mg·kg-1);仁和烟区、米易烟区和盐边烟区分别有76.93%,65.97%和89.84%的土样水溶性氯含量低或极低(<20 mg·kg-1);适当施用氯肥可以提高烟叶产量及产值。综合考虑,土壤氯含量、烟叶产量、产值、化学成分协调性、以及烟叶氯含量的安全性,建议米易烟区、仁和烟区和盐边烟区3个产区氯肥使用量分别为20,25,30 kg·hm-2。

关键词:攀枝花; 氯肥;适宜用量;质量

中图分类号:S147.5 文献标识码:A DOI 编码:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2018.11.019

Study on the Water-soluble Chloride Contents and Appropriate Amount of Chloride Fertilizer in Panzhihua

YAN Fangfang1, SU Zhaojun2, ZHANG Yingjie1, ZHANG Zongjin1, XU Xiangyu3, YUAN Jiafu3, ZENG Qingbin4,YANG Junwei4

(1.Panzhihua Branch, Sichuan Tobacco Company, Panzhihua, Sichuan 617026, China; 2.Baokang County Branch, Xiangyang Tobacco Company of Hubei Provincial Corporation, Baokang, Hubei 441600, China; 3.Plant Protection, Soil and Fertilizer Institute,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430064, China;4.Yanbian County Branch, Sichuan Tobacco Company, Yanbian, Sichuan 617100, China)

Abstract: Chloride is a necessary nutrient for tobacco, participates in the growth and physiological and biochemical reactions of tobacco, and ultimately affects the quality of tobacco leaves. In order to determine the water-soluble chloride content of Panzhihua tobacco-growing soil, to clear an application standard and an appropriate amount of chloride fertilizer and its effect on the yield and quality of tobacco leaf in Panzhihua tobacco area, the multi-point survey and the field experiments were carried out through three years at four test places. The results showed that the available chloride variation of soil in Panzhihua tobacco-growing soil was 0.20~35.34 mg·kg-1, with an average of (12.64±7.70) mg·kg-1 and 76.51% of the soil was low or extremely low (< 20 mg·kg-1). There were 76.93%, 65.91% and 89.84% of the soil samples the available boron content was low or extremely low (< 0.5 mg·kg-1) in Renhe county, Miyi county and Yanbian county, respectively. The application of chloride fertilizer could increase the yield and the value of tobacco leaf. Considering chlorine content in soil,tobacco leaf yield,output value, coordination of chemical compositions, and the safety of the content of chlorine, we suggested that the chloride fertilizer usage was 20, 25,30 kg·hm-2 in Miyi, Renhe and Yanbian, respectively.

Key words: Panzhihua;boron fertilizer;suitable application;quality

在烤烟所需要的必须营养元素中,氯是比较特殊的一个,它既不能多又不能少,对烟叶品质和产量有重要影响[1],当烟叶氯含量为0.3%~0.8%和 K2O/Cl 为 4~10 时有助于提高烟叶的品质和产量[2]。由于煙草是忌氯作物,长期以来人们只注重氯对烤烟的毒害研究,而忽视了其作为必需营养元素的作用,导致当前烟叶含氯量低的现象日益突出,这在一定程度上制约了我国烟叶质量的提高。同时,单质氯为阴离子,容易随雨水流失,加之长期以来在施肥中禁止施用氯肥,导致植烟土壤氯含量普遍缺乏。我国主要烟区中绝大多数土壤氯含量偏低,尤其是西南烟区,如贵州、重庆、四川和云南等烟区植烟土壤含氯为 20 mg·kg-1左右[3]。烤烟中的氯主要来源于土壤,我国植烟土壤氯素含量的缺乏直接导致烟叶氯含量的缺乏,如云南保山烟叶含氯量平均仅为 0.12%,远低于优质烟叶正常范围[4]。因此,植烟土壤水溶性氯含量和烟叶含氯量已成为烤烟生产管理者和烟叶加工者共同关注的问题。……

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