黄春霖 林辰壹 刘玉 李萨

摘 要：巴尔喀什黑伞是新疆独有的珍稀野生食药用真菌，为了解其对纤维素的降解特性，试验以羧甲基纤维素为培养基内的固定碳源，测定巴尔喀什黑伞在液体培养条件下菌丝体生长过程中羧甲基纤维素酶、滤纸酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶活力，探讨其胞外纤维素酶活力变化规律。结果显示，巴尔喀什黑伞纯菌丝体培养过程中，羧甲基纤维素酶活力峰值出现在第3 天，为0.406 U·mL-1，滤纸酶活力峰值出现在第2天，为0.238 U·mL-1，二者变化规律均表现出峰值后波动降低的趋势;β-葡萄糖苷酶活力变化近“S”型，峰值出现在第12天，为1.233 U·mL-1，该酶活力峰值出现时间较滤纸酶和羧甲基纤维素酶明显滞后。

关键词：巴尔喀什黑伞;碳源;羧甲基纤维素;纖维素酶

中图分类号：TQ920.1 文献标识码：A DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2018.11.015

Study on the Change Regularity of Extracellular Enzyme Activity of Agaricus balchaschensis

HUANG Chunlin1， LIN Chenyi1， LIU Yu2， LI Sa1

（1. College of Forestry and Horticulture， Xinjiang Agricultural University， Urumqi，Xinjiang 830052， China; 2. Agricultural Technology Promotion Center in Midong District in Urumqi， Urumqi， Xinjiang 831400， China ）

Abstract： The Agaricusbalchaschensis is a unique and rare wild edible medicinal fungus in Xinjiang. In order to understand its degradation to cellulose， carboxymethyl cellulose（CMC） was used as a fixed carbon source in the culture medium to determine the activities of carboxymethyl cellulase， filter paper enzymes（FP） and β-glucosidase（BG） of A. balchaschensis. The results showed that during the cultivation of the pure mycelium of A. balchaschensis， the peak of CMC activity appeared on the third day， which was 0.406 U·mL-1， and the peak of enzyme activity of FP appeared on the second day， which was 0.238 U·mL-1， both of the two enzymatic activity above showed a tendency to decrease after the peak. The BG activity had a tendency nearly "S" type， and the peak appeared on the 12th day， which was 1.233 U·mL-1， the peak appearance time was significantly delayed compared to FP and CMC activity.

Key words： Agaricus balchaschensis;carbon source;carboxymethyl cellulose;cellulase

新疆地大物博，享有得天独厚的自然环境优势，随着农业产业化结构的调整升级，加之新疆独有的野生食用菌资源丰富，对于新疆农业可持续性发展以及食用菌的生产存在着诸多的发展潜力和机遇。巴尔喀什黑伞（Agaricus balchaschensis Samgina & G.A.Nam）隶属于蘑菇科蘑菇属[1]，是国内独有的且仅分布于新疆博斯腾湖和巴里坤湖等内陆湖泊沿岸，极具营养价值的珍稀野生食用菌[2]。巴尔喀什黑伞菌柄与菌盖中富含钙、镁、铁等矿质元素，含量均显著高于双孢蘑菇、香菇、金针菇及平菇，并且子实体中还包含12种脂肪酸，其中，亚油酸和棕榈酸含量所占比例较大[3]，是集食药用价值于一身的天然保健食品。

与食用菌生长密切相关的胞外酶共有6种，研究比较成熟的有纤维素酶、半纤维素酶、木质素分解酶、果胶酶、蛋白酶和淀粉酶[4]。……