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低温对苦菜种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

2018-12-27郭爱华杨静高平

天津农业科学 2018年11期

郭爱华 杨静 高平

摘 要:以苦菜种子为材料,研究低温梯度对苦菜种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。在各处理温度下逐日记录发芽数,计算苦菜的发芽势、发芽率和发芽指数;测量苦菜幼苗株高、幼苗根长、苗鲜质量、根鲜质量、苗干质量和根干质量。结果表明,随着温度的降低,苦菜种子的发芽势,发芽率以及发芽指数均明显下降;同时苦菜幼苗株高和幼苗根长也降低,且在4 ℃温度条件下的每个指标与对照组相比均差异显著,表明低温降低了苦菜的發芽速率、抑制了幼苗生长;根的相对值总是高于苗的相对值,而且无论是低温下还是常温下,苦菜种子的根干鲜比均高于苗干鲜比,说明苗比根对低温更敏感。

关键词:低温;苦菜;种子;幼苗

中图分类号:S647 文献标识码:A DOI 编码:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2018.11.002

Effects of Low Temperature on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Sonchus oleraceus L.

GUO Aihua, YANG Jing, GAO Ping

(Department of Life Science,LYU Liang University, Lyuliang,Shanxi 033000, China)

Abstract: With the Sonchus oleraceus L. seed as materials, the effects of low temperature on seed germination and seedling growth were studied. The number of germination was recording at each processing temperature, then calculated the germination energy, germination percentage, germination index, seedling height, root length, seedling fresh quality, root fresh quality, dry seedling quality and dry root quality. The results showed that with the decrease of temperature, the germination energy, germination percentage, germination index decreased significantly, at the same time, seedling height and root length reduced, every indicators were significantly different from the control group at 4 ℃, indicated low temperature inhibited the germination rate and seedling growth. The relative value of the root was always higher than seedling, whether it was low temperature or normal temperature, the root dry fresh ratio was higher than that of seedling, demonstrated seedlings were more sensitive to low temperature.

Key words: low temperature; Sonchus oleraceus L.; seed; seedling

苦菜(Sonchus oleraceus L.),菊科草本,为1年生或2年生的野生植物[1]。又名败酱菜,还可称为女郎花、天香菜,是一种在国内外均有广泛分布的山野菜。苦菜通常高约30~100 cm,无绒毛附着,根系呈现纺锤状,直立茎或斜生茎[2]。性寒味苦,既可以作为食物充饥,也可以作为中药材治疗疾病,其体内含有的多种维生素、矿物质、糖类等是人体必需的营养物质和功效成分,对于人体保持正常机能具有一定的辅助作用[3-5]。野生苦菜无需添加化肥农药,是一种有着安全保障的天然健康食物,深受国内外人们的欢迎。据目前研究证实,苦菜中含有丰厚的胡萝卜素、维生素C等重要的营养成分,能够增强人体的生长发育和消暑保健;……

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