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护理人员职业性肌肉骨骼损伤自我防护现状调查及干预效果

2018-12-21李付儒朱云

中国医药导报 2018年25期
关键词:对策

李付儒 朱云

[摘要] 目的 探讨护理人员职业性肌肉骨骼损伤(OMSI)自我防护现状调查及干预效果情况。 方法 分析2015年3月~2016年8月新疆医科大学第五附属医院护理人员300名的资料,依据护理人员是否出现OMSI分为对照组(200名)和观察组(OMSI,100名),给予护理人员OMSI自我防护培训。观察两组护理人员一般资料情况、OMSI的危险因素Logistic回归分析变量及赋值情况。观察OMSI护理人员自我防护措施干预前后OMSI认知评分、疼痛持续时间、发作频率情况。 结果 两组护理人员年龄、工作年限、婚姻状况、运动习惯、倒班情况、所在科室、职称差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示:年龄、工作年限、运动习惯、所在科室、职称是OMSI发生的影响因素(P < 0.05),其中经常运动是OMSI发生的危险因素,年龄、工作年限、所在科室、职称是OMSI发生的保护性因素(P < 0.05)。护理人员自我防护措施干预后OMSI认知评分高于干预前,疼痛持续时间、发作频率低于干预前,差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。 结论 护理人员年龄、工作年限、运动习惯、所在科室、职称是OMSI的显著性因素,有效的干预措施可以提高护理人员认知评分,降低疼痛持续时间、发作频率。

[关键词] 职业性肌肉骨骼损伤;自我防护;现状调查;对策

[中图分类号] R473.6 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2018)09(a)-0178-04

[Abstract] Objective To approach the intervention effect and self-protection status survey of occupational musculoskeletal injury (OMSI) for nurses. Methods From March 2015 to August 2016, in the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, the data of 300 nurses were analyzed, according to appearing OMSI or not, they were divided into control group (200 persons) and detection group (OMSI, 100 persons), they were given self protection training. The general information, hazards logistic regression model for OMSI variable and assignment of two group nurses were detected. The OMSI acknowledge score, pain duration, seizure frequency of OMSI nurses before and after self-protection measures were detected. Results There were statistically significant differences in age, working years, marital status, exercise habit, shift work situation, the department, title of two groups (P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysing showed the age, working years, marital status, exercise habit, shift work situation, department, title were influnce factors of OMSI appearing (P < 0.05), the regular exercise was risk factor of OMSI, the age, working years, department, title were protective factors of OMSI (P < 0.05). After self-protection intervention, the OMSI cognitive score of nurses was higher than before intervention, the pain duration time, seizure frequency were lower than before intervention, the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion The age, working years, marital status, exercise habit, shift work situation, department, title are significant factors of OMSI,the effective interventions can increase OMSI acknowledge score of nurses, decrease pain duration, seizure frequency.

[Key words] Occupational musculoskeletal injury; Self-protection; Status survey; Countermeasure

職业性肌肉骨骼损伤(OMSI)是指由于生产劳动或者是日常工作长时间的处于强迫体位或者错误的方式搬运重物,造成的肌肉骨骼损伤[1-2]。近年来随着OMSI研究的增多,其已经发展成为最常见的职业病之一,也是造成20~55岁中青年职业人群劳动力降低的主要原因[3-4]。护理人员是一类特殊的劳动群体,其日常工作的劳动强度大、需要24 h交替值班,工作过程中会不间断性地站立、行走、弯腰、转身等执行各项操作,如静脉采血、输液、扫床、搬抬患者等操作,造成护理人员长期处于强迫体位[5-6]。有资料显示[7-8],护理人员在日常工作中,处于弯腰或者腰背部受限姿势工作的时间达到总工作时间的30%,这样大大地增加了护理人员OMSI患病率,影响了护理人员的身心健康和护理工作质量。……

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