陈宇 李伟鹏 洪波

【摘 要】针对细丝埋弧焊熔滴过渡过程埋在焊剂下不易观测，过渡信号干扰磁控传感器焊缝跟踪信号的问题，用电流波形反映熔滴过渡特性，对不同励磁频率焊缝跟踪信号进行了频谱分析，并用Matlab将理想焊缝跟踪信号与熔滴过渡信号叠加后进行了仿真验证，最后用小波滤波方法滤除埋弧焊熔滴过渡信号。结果证明：熔滴过渡信号滤除后的细丝埋弧焊焊缝跟踪精度提高，为进一步研究埋弧焊熔滴过渡及实现埋弧焊焊缝跟踪稳定控制奠定了基础。

【Abstract】 In view of the problems that the material transfer process of filament submerge arc welding is not easy to observe and the transition signal interference weld seam tracking signal of magnetic control sensor， we use the current waveform to reflect material transfer features， and carry out the frequency analysis of the weld seam tracking signals with different excitation frequencies. The ideal weld seam tracking signal and the material transfer signal are superimposed by MATLAB and verified by simulation. Finally， the material transfer signal of submerge arc welding is filtered by wavelet filtering method. The results show that the weld seam tracking accuracy of filamentary submerge arc welding is improved after filtering the material transfer signal， which lays a foundation for the further research on the material transfer in submerge arc welding and the realization of the stability control of the weld seam tracking of submerge arc welding.

【关键词】细丝埋弧焊；磁控传感器；熔滴过渡信号；焊缝跟踪；小波滤波

【Keywords】 filament submerge arc welding； magnetic control sensor； material transfer signal； weld seam tracking； wavelet filter

【中图分类号】TG409 【文献标志码】A 【文章编号】1673-1069（2018）09-0181-02

1 外加磁场对埋弧焊熔滴过渡的影响

不加磁场时，熔滴脱离焊丝之前的受力是一个动态平衡。[1]焊丝端部的金属熔滴主要受到表面张力、重力、电磁收缩力、斑点压力、等离子流力的作用。平焊时，重力是促使熔滴脱离焊丝末端的作用力，表面张力是焊丝端头保持熔滴的主要作用力，焊丝与熔滴间的表面张力垂直作用于焊丝末端与熔滴相交的圆周线上，且与熔滴表面相切[2-3]。

2 埋弧焊熔滴过渡对跟踪信号的影响

2.1 磁控细丝埋弧焊焊缝跟踪传感器系统

磁控电弧传感器由两个主要部件组成：励磁电源和励磁线圈，每一部件具有各自独立的结构。励磁电源用以产生可调频率的电压，与电源相连的励磁线圈产生与电压同频率的磁场，图1为磁控电弧埋弧焊自动跟踪系统。……