朱海霞 马永强 郭青云

摘要

本研究选用一株具有除草活性的生防菌株极细链格孢Alternaria tenuissima HZ-1作为研究对象，通过载体和助剂的筛选，初步研制出可湿性粉剂，并对杂草离体叶片、盆栽杂草及田间小区杂草的致病效果进行了测定。结果表明，HZ-1最适载体为高岭土，助剂为羧甲基纤维素、可溶性淀粉和白炭黑，菌株HZ-1可湿性粉剂对不同杂草离体叶片致病性表现为：密花香薷>冬葵>野燕麦>薄蒴草>酸模叶蓼>藜>萹蓄。盆栽致病性结果显示，HZ-1可湿性粉剂对薄蒴草、藜和密花香薷致病效果突出，对冬葵和酸模叶蓼次之，对萹蓄、野燕麦无效。小区试验显示对繁缕、藜和密花香薷有显著除草效果。该菌株可作为防除薄蒴草、藜、密花香薷和繁缕等杂草的生物除草剂进行进一步研究。

关键词

极细链格孢菌HZ-1; 菌剂研制; 除草效果

中图分类号：

S 432， S 482.4

文献标识码： A

DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2018177

Development of the biocontrol agents of Alternaria tenuissima

HZ-1 and its herbicidal activity

ZHU Haixia， MA Yongqiang， GUO Qingyun

（Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences of Qinghai University， State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and

Agriculture of Qinghai University， Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Xining， Ministry of

Agriculture， Key Laboratory of Agricultural Integrated Pest Management in Qinghai Province， Xining 810016， China）

Abstract

Alternaria tenuissima HZ-1 was selected as a high virulent strain to weeds. Proper carrier and auxiliary were screened and wettable powder was developed as biological herbicide， and the virulence to different weeds in vitro and in vivo was also determined. The results showed that the optimal vector of HZ-1 was kaolin， the auxiliarges were carboxymethyl cellulose， soluble starch and silica. The susceptibility of strain HZ-1 wet powder to different weeds in vitro was as follows： Elsholtzia densa Benth.>Malva verticillata L.var. crispa>Avena fatua L>Lepyrodiclis holosteoides （C.A.Mey.） Fisch.et Mey.>Polygonum lapathifolium L.>Chenopodium album L.>Polygonum aviculare L.. Pot experiments showed that wet powder of HZ-1 had significant virulence to L. holosteoides， C. album and E. densa， but no virulence to P. aviculare and A. fatua. Field trials demonstrated that wet powder of HZ-1 was highly virulent to Stellaria media， C. album and E. densa. This strain could be further studied as a biological herbicide to control L. holosteoides， C. album， E. densa and Stellaria media.

Key words

Alternaria tenuissima HZ-1; development of agent; control effect to weeds

當今，农田杂草控制还是以化学除草剂为主体[1]。随着农业现代化水平的提高，全球范围内的除草剂使用量将继续增加，因此，市场需求开始面向广谱、高效、低毒的新型除草剂的研制。微生物除草剂可有效替代部分高毒化学农药，减轻农业生产中长期和大量依赖化学除草剂施用所造成的能源和环境问题。目前，发展生物除草技术已逐渐成为全球的共识[1-2]。极细链格孢HZ-1是从青海省独特的生态条件下筛选出的具有除草活性的生防菌，前期研究发现该菌株对藜Chenopodium album、冬葵Malva verticillata var. crispa、酸模叶蓼Polygonum lapathifolium等杂草表现出不同程度的致病作用，安全性评价结果显示，该菌株除对春油菜有轻微影响外，对春小麦、蚕豆、豌豆和青稞4种作物相对安全，可作为防除藜、酸模叶蓼等阔叶杂草生物除草剂的候选菌株[3]。