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海南黎族传统手工艺非遗保护现状探析

2018-11-22张红梅

创意设计源 2018年4期

[摘要]海南黎族拥有多项活态传承的手工技艺类非遗,其保护过程中存在原料替代化、流程删减化、产品变异化、制作表演化、传承困难化等问题。文章提出了黎族传统手工艺已从多数人掌握的大众技能变成了少数人掌握的精英技能、从为本土民众的生产生活服务转向了为异地人群的旅游需求服务、传承人的责任意识缺失、社会各界对非遗的认知不足等思考,认为传统技艺类非遗应积极适应当下社会语境,在坚持传统的手工艺制作底线和融合当前生活需求的基础上进行保护和发展。

[关键词]海南黎族;传统技艺;非遗保护

[Abstract]There are five issues about Hainan Li's Traditional handicrafts intangible cultural heritage protection, such as raw materials be replaced, cut corners in processes, product structure be changed, craft making becomes a show, difficult to find successors and so on. The article further proposed that Hainan Li's traditional handicrafts are no longer some popular skills but the elite skills. Meanwhile, traditional handicrafts no longer serve rural neighbors, but serve strangers. In addition, the successor's sense of responsibility is very important. So this article proposed that the protection work on Li's traditional handicrafts should stand on the basis of traditional handmade bottom line, try to meet the current needs of life, so as to get real protection and development.

[Key words]Hainan Li Nationality; Traditional handicrafts; Intangible cultural heritage protection

[基金项目]本文系2015年度海南省哲学社会科学规划课题项目“海南黎族工艺文化研究”(项目编号:HNSK(YB)15-103)阶段性成果。

海南黎族以拥有多项活态传承至今的古老手工技艺非遗而闻名。例如:黎族传统的纺染织绣技艺(含麻纺织、絣染、双面绣、龙被织造)被联合国教科文组织列入了世界级的非遗保护名录;黎族原始制陶技艺、船型屋营造技艺、树皮布制作技艺、钻木取火技艺、骨器制作技艺、独木器具制作技艺、藤竹编技艺等古老技艺则被列入了国家级和海南省级非遗保护名录。截至2017年底,海南黎族共有1项世界级非遗项目、12项国家级非遗项目和27项省级非遗项目。[1]传统手工技艺作为海南黎族最重要的非遗门类,除了被评为世界级非遗的黎锦技艺之外,黎族现有国家级传统技手工艺非遗6项和省级传统手工艺非遗10项,分别占黎族所有国家级非遗项目的50%和黎族所有省级非遗项目的37%。……

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