朱育凤 邱明鸣 王迅

摘要：目的 测定半夏中二氧化硫残留量、浸出物及主要化学成分，探讨硫磺熏蒸对半夏性状、浸出物及指标性成分的影响。方法 采用RP-HPLC测定不同产地22份半夏样品中琥珀酸、腺苷、鸟苷的含量，采用冷浸法测定半夏的浸出物，采用酸碱滴定法测定半夏二氧化硫残留量。结果 22份半夏样品中，硫磺熏蒸的样品占81.8%；琥珀酸、腺苷、鸟苷3个被测组分分离度良好，达到基线分离，平均加样回收率分别为99.1%、100.1%、99.3%。结论 半夏产地加工硫磺熏蒸现象严重，硫磺熏蒸对半夏的性状、浸出物、琥珀酸含量均有一定程度的影响。本研究为2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》半夏质量标准修订提供了参考依据。

关键词：半夏；二氧化硫残留量；浸出物；含量测定

DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1005-5304.2018.09.019

中图分类号：R284.1 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1005-5304（2018）09-0079-04

Abstract： Objective To determine the content of sulfur dioxide residues， extracts and main components； To study the effects of sulfur fumigation on the characters， extracts and index components of Pinelliae Rhizoma. Methods The contents of succinic acid， adenosine and guanosine in 22 samples of Pinelliae Rhizoma from different producing areas were detected by RP-HPLC method. The extracts of Pinelliae Rhizoma were measured by cold-maceration. Sulfur dioxide residues in Pinelliae Rhizoma were examined by acid-base titration. Results Among the 22 samples of Pinelliae Rhizoma， the ratio of sulphur smoked products of Pinelliae Rhizoma was 81.8%. Three kinds of components of succinic acid， adenosine and guanosine were well separated， baseline separation was achieved， and the average recoveries of samples were 99.1%， 100.1% and 99.3%， respectively. Conclusion The phenomenon of sulfur fumigation is very serious in feild processed products of Pinelliae Rhizoma. To some extent， sulfur fumigation has an influence on the characters， extracts and the content of succinic acid in Pinelliae Rhizoma. This study provides references for quality standard revision of Pinelliae Rhizoma in Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020.

Keywords： Pinelliae Rhizoma； sulfur dioxide residues； extracts； content determination

半夏為天南星科多年生植物半夏Pinellia ternata（Thunb.）Breit.的干燥块茎[1]，主产于我国长江流域、淮河流域、黄河中下游等广大地区[2]，历版《中华人民共和国药典》（以下简称《中国药典》）均收载。半夏始见于《礼记·月令》，入药首见于最早的医方《五十二病方》，距今已有2100多年的历史[3]。半夏有燥湿化痰、降逆止呕、消痞散结之功，用于湿痰寒痰、咳喘痰多、痰饮眩悸、风痰眩晕、痰厥头痛、呕吐反胃、胸脘痞闷、梅核气，外用治疗痈肿痰核[1]。有文献报道，过度硫磺熏蒸后的半夏主要成分或指标成分都会发生变化，而且会导致药材二氧化硫等毒性成分大量残留，对人体有较大危害[4-5]。近年来，原国家食品药品监督管理总局加大了对中药材及中药饮片的管制力度，其中最重要的一项内容是对中药材硫磺熏蒸的加工方法进行监管，提倡低硫或无硫。……