地方高校研究生收费政策执行的困境与对策研究
2018-10-21杨裴羿
杨裴羿
摘 要:研究生收费政策在部(委)属高校顺利试点以后,迅速在全国实施,但政策一致性忽略了地方高校研究生培养基础,对地方高校研究生教育带来了冲击。通过对西部C大学调查发现:地方高校研究生导师资助制度困难、培养经费不足、培养模式趋同,致使生源竞争力严重下降,研究生学习效果并未提高,高额奖助学金负面效益突显。为了确保研究生培养体制改革的顺利进行,政府、高校作为政策利益主要相关者应对改革做出积极调整。
关键词:地方高校;研究生收费;政策;研究
中图分类号:G640 文献标志码:A 文章编号:2096-000X(2018)16-0180-03
Abstract: After a successful pilot of graduate students' tuition system in the universities under the direct administration of Education Ministry, the policy is put into full effect on a national scale. However, the uniformity of the policy has ignored the education foundation of local universities, bringing a great shock to their graduate education. The investigation on C University in the west part of China shows that in the implementation of the policy, the student resources of local university has decreased sharply, the learning effect of graduate students has failed to be significantly improved and the side-effect of high scholarship and grants is obvious due to the difficulty in implementing tutor-subsidizing system, the lack of education fund and the homogeneity of cultivation mode. To ensure the successful implementation of the policy, the government and the local university should work together in making adjustments in accordance with the reform.
Keywords: local universities; Graduate student tuition; policy; research
一、地方高校研究生收費政策的困境
(一)导师资助制度难以实施
研究生收费体制改革根本点是通过学费和奖助学金互补的形式,将研究生培养与科学研究相结合,与导师科研课题相结合,引导师生更加关注学术前沿和国家需求。但绝大多数地方高校很难像部属高校或者政策设计最初期望的那样“建立以科研为导向的导师负责制和导师资助制”[1]。“导师资助”有以下特征:一是导师资助基本上不向硕士研究生提供资助;二是导师资助的主要目的是让学生真正参与到导师的科研中来;三是资助的经费来源主要是导师的科研经费。据查,美国大学80%科研经费集中在20%的大学中,而在这20%的大学中,科研经费往往又集中在10%-20%的教授的手上[2]。当前国内的实际,实施导师资助制度,即便是一些重点高校都有难度,更何况地方高校。……
