四川丘陵区不同播种方式对油菜生长发育及产量的影响
2018-10-08刘念汤天泽钟思成李斌范其新蒙大庆李迎春张体刚李芝凡陈军
刘念 汤天泽 钟思成 李斌 范其新 蒙大庆 李迎春 张体刚 李芝凡 陈军
摘 要:为加快油菜轻简化栽培技术的推广,开展油菜播种器播种、旋耕机播、旋耕人播、育苗移栽4种播种方式的对比试验,以探索不同的播种方式对四川丘陵区油菜生长发育及产量的影响。结果表明,4种播种方式中育苗移栽油菜苗期的生长发育各项指标均显著优于其他播种方式,而最终产量以旋耕机播最高,为2 451.0 kg·hm-2,其次是播种器播种,为2 289.0 kg·hm-2。因此,建议丘陵区田块较大的区域使用旋耕机播的方式,而田块较小的区域则使用播种器播种。
关键词:油菜;播种方式;产量;影响
中图分类号:S565.4 文献标识码:A DOI 编码:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2018.07.015
Effects of Different Sowing Patterns on Growth, Development and Yield of Rape in Sichuan Hilly Areas
LIU Nian1, TANG Tianze1, ZHONG Sicheng2, LI Bin2, FAN Qixin1, MENG Daqing1, LI Yingchun1, ZHANG Tigang1, LI Zhifan1, CHEN Jun1
(1.Mianyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Mianyang, Sichuan 621023, China; 2.Anzhou County Agricultural Bureau, Mianyang, Sichuan 622651, China)
Abstract: In order to speed up the promotion of light and simple cultivation techniques of rapeseed, four kinds of seeding methods including rape seeder sowing, rotary tillage mechanical sowing, rotary tillage people sowing, seedling transplantation were compared to explore the influence of different sowing methods on the growth, development, and yield of rapeseed in Sichuan hilly region. The results showed that the indicators of growth and development of seedling transplantation during seedling stage were significantly better than the other sowing methods. However, the rotary tillage mechanical sowing had the highest final yield which was 2 451.0 kg·hm-2, and then was rape seeder sowing (2 289.0 kg·hm-2). Therefore, in the hilly area, the rotary tillage mechanical sowing method was recommended at the larger area, while the seeder sowing method was used at the smaller area.
Key words: rape; sowing pattern; yield; effect
油菜(Brassica campestris L.)是我國主要的油料作物之一,是继水稻、小麦、玉米、大豆之后的第五大优势作物,我国年种植面积为700万hm2左右,产量1 200万t,均位居世界前列[1]。作为我国油菜主产省份之一的四川,油菜是其第一大油料作物和不可替代的冬季作物[2],年种植面积100万~160万hm2,居西部首位,全国前3位[3-4]。油菜生长发育和产量与栽培因素有关,其中播种方式是影响油菜生长发育及产量的重要因子之一,对油菜产量的调控起关键作用[5]。在20世纪60年代以前,我国油菜种植方式以直播为主;60—70 年代生产改制,许多地区实行籼稻改粳稻、单季稻改双季稻,使油菜茬口越来越迟,育苗移栽油菜广泛推广[6]。随着社会的不断发展,传统农业的劣势越来越明显,耕种收环节劳动强度大、种植效益低。着眼于省工节本和提高效益,油菜轻型简化栽培新技术相继发展起来,如免耕直播技术、浅旋耕直播技术等。……
