临床药师参与一日一次氨基糖苷类抗菌药物抗感染治疗的药学监护实践
2018-09-26刘金春张海霞孟祥燕葛卫红
刘金春 张海霞 孟祥燕 葛卫红
[摘要] 目的 通过临床药师全程跟踪患者使用氨基糖苷类抗菌药物的抗感染治疗过程,评估一日一次使用氨基糖苷类抗菌药物的安全性。 方法 选择2015年9月~2016年8月在上海华山医院抗生素研究所的使用每日一次氨基糖苷类抗菌药物的患者30例,临床药师全程参与药物的规范使用以及不良反应的监护,观察所有患者使用氨基糖苷类抗菌药物前后血肌酐、血尿素氮、听力等的改变。 结果 30例患者使用氨基糖苷类抗菌药物治疗后血清肌酐、血清尿素氮较治疗前没有明显改变,差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。30例患者亦未发生耳毒性、神经肌肉阻滞不良反应。 结论 在临床药师全程监护下,一日一次使用氨基糖苷类抗菌药物并且按照说明书要求控制输注速度有较好的安全性,肾毒性、耳毒性、神经肌肉阻滞等不良反应发生率较低。
[关键词] 临床药师;氨基糖苷;耳毒性;肾毒性
[中图分类号] R952 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2018)06(b)-0171-04
[Abstract] Objective To evaluate the safety of aminoglycoside antibiotics once daily with clinical pharmacists tracking the entire treatment process. Metheds From September 2015 to August 2016, in Institute of Antibiotics, Shanghai Huashan Hospital, 30 patients who used once daily aminoglycoside antibiotics were selected, clinical pharmacist participated in the formulation of treatment strategies, and monitored the adverse effects of aminoglycosides. Clinical pharmacists observed the serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and hearing of the patients before and after using aminoglycosides. Results The serum creatinine and serum urea nitrogen in 30 patients after treatment with aminoglycoside antibiotics had no significant change compared with that before treatment, and the differences were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). In addition, none of the 30 patients appeared ototoxicity or neuromuscular blockade. Conclusion Under the supervision of clinical pharmacists, once daily using of aminoglycoside antibiotics and control the infusion rate according to the instructions have a better safety, and the incidence of nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, neuromuscular blockage and other adverse reactions is low.
[Key words] Clinical pharmacists; Aaminoglycosides; Ototoxicity; Nephrotoxicity
氨基糖苷类是广谱抗菌药物,在多重耐药革兰阴性菌感染中有重要作用[1-2]。作为一个老药,由于其毒副作用被搁置30年之久,但也很大程度上减少耐药性的发展[3]。CHINET监测数据表明,阿米卡星对肠杆科细菌的敏感率絕大多数在95%左右[4]。另外,一项流行病学调查中发现[5],50%耐碳青霉烯类大肠埃希菌(CRE)和克雷伯菌(CRKP)对氨基糖苷类仍然敏感。氨基糖苷类是浓度依赖性抗菌药物,杀菌疗效随血浆峰浓度增加[6]。研究表明一日一次给药能很大程度上提高安全性,提高临床可操作性[7]。近……
