毛华

【摘要】 目的：探讨以健康信念模式（health belief model，HBM）为指导的家长喂养行为干预在提高2～5岁儿童体格发育及改善营养的状况。方法：选取2016年9-11月本市城区幼儿园2～5岁的儿童150例为研究对象。按照随机数字表法将其分为对照组和干预组，各75例。对照组采用常规健康教育进行喂养干预，干预组则采用以HBM为指导进行喂养干预，均干预1年。比较两组体格发育（WHZ、HAZ、WAZ、Hb）和营养状况（低体重、生长迟缓、消瘦和贫血）。结果：干预前，两组WHZ、HAZ、WAZ、Hb及低体重、生长迟缓、消瘦和贫血的发生率比较，差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）；干预后，干预组WAZ和Hb均优于对照组，且生长迟缓率低于对照组，比较差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05），但两组其他指标比较差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：以HBM为指导的家长喂养行为干预在提高2～5岁儿童体格发育具有显著的效果，且可改善营养状况，促进生长发育，值得推广应用。

【关键词】 健康信念； 喂养行为； 体格发育； Z值评分法

【Abstract】 Objective：To explore the effect of health belief model（HBM） as parental feeding behavior intervention in improving physical development and nutritional status of children aged 2-5 years.Method：A total of 150 children aged 2-5 years in our city kindergartens from September to November 2016 were selected.According to the random number table method，they were divided into control group and intervention group，75 cases in each group.The control group received routine health education for feeding intervention，while intervention group was guided by HBM for feeding intervention，they were all intervened for 1 year.The physical development（WHZ，HAZ，WAZ，Hb） and nutritional status（low body weight，growth retardation，emaciation and anemia） between two groups were compared.Result：Before intervention，WHZ，HAZ，WAZ，Hb and the incidence of low body weight，growth retardation，emaciation and anemia between two groups were compared，the differences were not statistically significant（P>0.05）.After intervention，WAZ and Hb in intervention group were better than those of control group，and the rate of growth retardation was lower than that of control group，the differences were statistically significant（P<0.05）.But the other indicators of two groups were compared，the differences were not statistically significant（P>0.05）.Conclusion：The parental feeding behavior intervention guided by HBM has a significant effect on improving physical development of children aged 2-5 years，and it can significantly improve the nutritional status and promote the growth and development，which is worth of application.

【Key words】 Health belief； feeding behavior； Physical development； Z score method

First-authors address：Shenzhen University General Hospital，Shenzhen 518071，China

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2018.18.040

儿童的生长发育问题是全社会都高度关注的一个问题，同时也是反映一个国家和社会整体教育和生活水平的重要方面。儿童时期的饮食营养状况会直接影响到青少年的身体健康和智力状况[1-3]。有研究表明，我国当前的青少年的身体素质仍存在较多问题，比如发育迟缓、肥胖等仍较为明显。同时，一些不良的生活习惯在部分家庭中也较为明显，比如不吃早饭、喜欢吃油炸或碳酸饮料等[4]，需要寻求一种方法来解决当前的问题。健康信念模式（health belief model，HBM）是一种运用于个体健康的理论模式，主要关注人对健康的信念和重视影响信念的各种因素，可以用于解释和预測健康行为。国……