陶邦桂

摘 要 《孟子》作为古典时期儒家思想的重要奠基人，其哲学思想对后世的影响根深蒂固、源远流长，人教版中学语文教材中《孟子》的选文篇幅比重较大，是文言教学中的重点之一。然而，《孟子》的教学价值并不仅仅在于对文言阅读能力的考验与提升，更应当在于其内在的影响国人千百年的儒家精神内核。以入选新课标版初中语文及人教版高中语文教材的9段《孟子》选文为例，其精神内核可概括为：重义轻利的侠义精神、向善嫉恶的坚贞品质、民贵君轻的民本意识、兼济天下的入世态度。

关键词 中学语文 孟子 精神内核

中图分类号：G424 文献标识码：A DOI：10.16400/j.cnki.kjdkz.2018.06.064

On the Confucian Spiritual Core from the Selected Works

of Mencius in Middle School Textbooks

——Taking People's Education Edition Middle School Language as an Example

TAO Banggui

（Maanshan No.8 Middle School， Maanshan， Anhui 243000）

Abstract Mencius， as an important founder of the Confucianism in the classical period， has deep-rooted influence on the influence of his philosophical thoughts on the later generations. The weight of the selection of Mencius in the Chinese teaching materials for middle school teachers is relatively large. It is one of the focuses in classical Chinese teaching. However， the teaching value of "Mencius" is not only the test and promotion of the reading ability of classical Chinese， but also lies in its internal spiritual influence on the spiritual core of the Chinese people for thousands of years. Taking the nine paragraphs of Mencius selected in the new curriculum standard junior high school language and PEP high school language textbooks as an example， its spiritual core can be summarized as： chivalrous spirit that favors justice and frivolity； The gentleman's lightened people-centered consciousness and the attitude of joining the world with economic success.

Keywords middle school Chinese； Mencius； spiritual core

建國以来中学语文课本中从来不乏《孟子》的身影，以人民教育出版社新课标版初中语文及普通高中课程标准实验教科书《先秦诸子选读》为例，《孟子》选文分别有《鱼我所欲也》、《寡人之与国也》（王好战，请以战喻）、《生于忧患死于安乐》、《何必曰利》、《民为贵》、《乐民之乐，忧民之忧》、《人和》（得道多助、失道寡助）、《我善养我浩然之气》、《仁义礼智，我固有之》9段，其字句的疏通、内容的解读是广大一线语文教师所轻车熟路的，然而，孟子作为儒家的“亚圣”，其哲学思想从子学时代贯穿至今，其精神内核早已深深的烙印在中国人的血脉中，我们不难从他的文字中找到国人品质与思维的源头——这兴许是在纯粹字面的文本解读以外，更为深沉而紧要的国学教育的初衷所在。那么回归到上文提及到的9段《孟子》选文中，我们将其中所集中展现的儒家精神内核提炼出来的，不妨可以简单地归纳为以下四点：