弱智儿童的脑机制及教育启示探析
2018-09-10刘全礼
[摘要]弱智儿童的脑机制是我国特殊教育界尚未探讨的一个领域。从智力、弱智和学习的本质出发,探讨了弱智儿童脑发育的机制和脑活动机制,认为弱智儿童脑发育的正常机制因为先天、后天的遗传异常或损伤遭到了破坏,由此导致了神经系统的传导失能,并表现为神经环路的形成困难、传导的信息堵塞和消失这些主要的神经活动特点
。提出了干预或教育弱智儿童的三大措施,包括食物或物质干预、文化给予以及感官训练与文化、言语的结合。
[关键词]弱智儿童;脑机制;特殊教育
[中图分类号]G 764[文献标志码]A[文章编号]10050310(2018)02006706
Abstract: The brain mechanism of the mentally retarded children hasnt been studied in the special education field in China. The article analyses the nature of intelligence, mental retardation and learning, and discusses the mechanism of brain development and brain activity of mentally retarded children. It considers that the brain mechanism has been damaged by the genetic abnormality or the harm for the nature and nurture, resulting in the conduction disability of the nervous system which is characterized by the establishing difficulty of the neuronal circuit and the jam or the loss of the signal transduction. At last, the writer suggests three measure methods about the intervention and education on mentally retarded children, including food or material intervention, culture intervention and combining the training of sense organ and culture or language.
Keywords: Mentally retarded children; Brain mechanism; Special education
當解决了弱智儿童的入学问题之后,教育公平必然由起点公平走向过程或结果公平。但是,要想真正走向过程或结果公平,必然要提高课堂教学效益。如何提高课堂教学效益呢?毫无疑问,政治的、经济的、社会的措施等是提高课堂教学效益的基础,但其中最主要的是根据弱智儿童的特点展开教育。或者说,要想提高弱智儿童的教学效益,无论是课程设置还是课堂教学的实施,都要以弱智儿童的身心特点为重要的参照系。在弱智儿童的特点中,最根本的是弱智儿童的学习特点或者脑机制特点。
通过文献检索发现,30年来我国特殊教育界极少就弱智儿童的脑机制进行研究,刘全礼在2008年谈及[1]、朴永馨在1983年介绍C·Я·鲁宾什坦的有关研究时提及[2],这与弱智儿童的脑机制研究还有很大的距离。要提高弱智教育的教学效果,就必须搞清楚他们的脑机制并据此展开相应的教学活动,否则永远是摸着石头过河。……
