论海上货运代理人交付提单的义务
2018-09-10余妙宏
余妙宏
摘要:通过分析《最高人民法院关于审理海上货运代理纠纷案件若干问题的规定》第8条的规定,梳理最高人民法院近年来的判例,并结合FOB外贸实务中貨运代理人履行交单义务的困惑与风险,提出应对第8条规定进行相应完善,以规避贸易风险不当地向运输法领域转移。
关键词:货运代理人;实际托运人;提单;交付
中图分类号:DF961.9文献标志码:A
文章编号:2096028X(2018)03009807
On the obligation of freight forwarder to deliver B/L
—concurrently on the improvement of Article 8 of the Provisions of the Supreme Peoples
Court on Several Issues Concerning the Trial of Freight Forwarding Disputes CasesYU Miaohong
(Law School,Zhejiang Wanli University,Ningbo 315100,China)
Abstract:Based upon the analysis of Article 8 of the
Provisions of the Supreme Peoples Court on Certain Issues Concerning the Trial of Maritime Freight Forwarding Disputes Cases, the paper reviewed the precedents of the Supreme Peoples Court in recent years, examined the perplexity and risk of the freight forwarder in FOB foreign trade practice, and suggested that Artcle 8 should be improved so as to avoid improper transfer of trade risk to the freight forwarders.
Key words:freight forwarder; actual shipper; B/L; delivery
一、问题的提出
某外商驻绍兴A代表处(FOB买方)从绍兴数家工厂采购同一类型的纺织品,之后向宁波B货运代理企业出具书面货运托运书(载明A为托运人),委托B公司代为订舱出口。B公司根据指示从包括C工厂(FOB卖方)在内的多家供货商接收货物后进行拼箱,并代C工厂办理货物拖车、报关等事务,B公司向C工厂收取了包括报关费在内的各项费用,并出具了相应的发票。B公司向海运公司办理出运后,取得托运人为A,收货人为“凭指示”、运输方式为CY/CY的一套正本的海运提单并转交给A代表处。由于C工厂与A代表处尚有货款未结算,C工厂诉诸海事法院,要求判令B公司交付提单;如若交付不能,判令赔偿货物价值的经济损失。本案有三个争议焦点:一是如何识别托运人?FOB境外买方在国内设立了A代表处,由其对外集中采购,并向B公司出具货运托运书,A代表处为缔约托运人,同时海运提单中载明A代表处为托运人,C工厂是何身份?如果认定C工厂是实际托运人,如何界定?二是实际托运人与货运代理人关于提单交付有无形成交易习惯或者双方有无改变法律的规定?……
