袁雪

摘要：“共同但有区别的责任”（CBDR）原则是国际环境法的一项重要原则，在气候变化领域广泛适用，是《联合国气候变化框架公约》（UNFCCC）框架下气候谈判的基础。国际海事组织（IMO）根据UNFCCC《京都议定书》的授权从事国际海运减排工作，其确立的平等减排原则与CBDR原则在海运减排适用中的冲突成为了海运谈判中发展中国家和发达国家分歧的焦点。2016年11月4日生效的《巴黎协定》中的CBDR原则要求缔约国全员自主减排与IMO要求的所有缔约国的船舶平等减排的理念和方法越来越接近，冲突不断弥合。国际海运业应当充分利用《巴黎协定》生效后全球气候治理的新机遇，认识到CBDR原则适用于海运减排的可行性，在坚持IMO减排思路的基础上，采用基于市场的措施，引入清洁发展机制，为发展中国家提供资金、技术和能力建设方面的支持等手段，作为整合CBDR原则与平等减排原则的冲突以及将该原则融入到国际海运减排领域的可能路径。

关键词：气候变化；海运减排；“共同但有区别的责任”原则；《巴黎协定》；平等减排

中图分类号：DF961.9文献标志码：A

文章编号：2096028X（2018）03006108

On the application of the principle of common but differentiated

responsibilities in international shipping emission reduction

YUAN Xue

（School of Humanities and Social Science，Harbin Engineering University，Harbin 150001，China）

Abstract：The principle of common but differentiated responsibilities is an important principle of international environmental law. This principle is widely used in the area of climate change and forms the basis of the climate negociations under UNFCCC. IMO has been dealing with the international shipping emission reduction under the mandate of UNFCCC. The conflict between the equity principle as established by IMO and the CBDR principle has become the focus in the shipping negociation between developing countries and

developed countries. CBDR principle in the Paris Agreement which has come into being on 4 November 2016 requires that all parties to the agreement should take emission reduction measures. The concept and method of CBDR principle are increasingly close to those as required by IMO and the gap is constantly narrowing.The international maritime industry should take full advantage of the opportunities for global climate governance after the entry into force of the Paris Agreement and realize the applicability of CBDR principle to maritime emission reduction. Based on the idea of emission reduction of IMO， the internatioinal maritime industry should take marketbased measures and CDM to provide financial， technical and capacitybuilding support for developing countries and make it the possible route to incorporate CBDR principle into the area of international maritime emission reduction .

Key words：climate change；shipping emission reduction；the principle of common but differenciated responsibilities；the

Paris Agreement；equal emission reduction

①參见《巴黎协定》序言第三段：“根据《公约》目标，并遵循其原则，包括以公平为基础并体现共同但有区别的责任和各自能力的原则，同时要根据不同的国情。”第2.2条：“本协定的执行将按照不同的国情体现平等以及共同但有区别的责任和各自的原则。”第4.3条：“各缔约方下一次的国家自主贡献将按不同的国情，逐步增加缔约方当前的国家自主贡献，并反映其尽可能大的力度，同时反映其共同但有区别的责任和各自能力。……