miR—375在肿瘤发生及诊断中的研究进展
2018-09-03隋成亮黄照权
隋成亮 黄照权
[摘要] miRNA是一类保守的、非编码的、单链的小RNA分子,通过调节基因表达从而在各种生物进程中发挥着重要的生物学作用。miR-375作为特异的miRNA,最初在胰岛β细胞内被发现,同时它也是一种多功能miRNA,它能调控胰岛素的分泌和胰岛的形成,更重要的是参与肿瘤的发生发展。研究证实miR-375是通过靶向多个重要的致癌基因如AEG-1、YAPI、IGFIR及PDKI等发挥作用的。研究发现miRNA-375在肝癌、胃癌等肿瘤中明显下调,但在乳腺癌和前列腺癌中却显著上调,并且miR-375在前列腺癌和乳腺癌中起到促肿瘤生长作用。因此miR-375可能成为调控肿瘤细胞生长的一个新靶点,并且miR-375表达水平的监测能促进肿瘤的早期诊断和预后判断。
[关键词] 微小RNA-375;胰岛β细胞;肿瘤;诊断
[中图分类号] R730 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2018)05(a)-0035-04
Advanced in the research of miR-375 on tumor development and diagnosis
SUI Chengliang1 HUANG Zhaoquan2
1.School of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin 541001, China; 2.Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin 541001, China.
[Abstract] MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are conserved small non-coding RNAs that play important roles in various biological processes via controlling gene expression. Among them, miR-375 is firstly identified in pancreatic β-cells and proved to regulate insulin secretion and islet formation. Furthermore, it turns that miR-375 is involved in cancer development and progression by targeting several important oncogenes including AEG-1, YAP1, IGF1R and PDK1. Unlike some other cancers, the levels of miR-375 in prostate and breast cancer specifically increase, indicating its action in tumor development. Therefore, miR-375 may be a potential target for suppressing tumor growth, and has the clinical value as a biomarker for early diagnosis and prognosis prediction.
[Key words] miR-375; Pancreatic β-cells; Tumor; Diagnosis
miRNA是長度约22个碱基的单链非编码的小RNA,成熟的miRNA分子是通过RNA聚合酶Ⅱ和核糖核酸酶Ⅲ在细胞核内外加工处理后形成的[1-2],它能够被导入到RNA诱导的沉默复合物中,并互补结合到信使miRNA的3′-UTR非编码区导致翻译抑制[3-5]。miRNA-375是miRNAs家族中高度保守的一员,位于人2号染色体q35,2个编码基因cryba2和Ccdc108之间[6],miR-375在生物体内具有广泛的基因表达调控作用,它的发现开辟了一个关于转录后基因表达调控的全新生物领域。miR-375最早发现于胰岛β细胞内,参与胰岛的形成及胰岛素的分泌[7]。随着对于miRNA表达谱的深入研究,发现miR-375广泛的存在于各组织器官中并且参与多种恶性肿瘤的增殖、转移、凋亡及细胞周期的调控,如头颈部肿瘤、肝癌、食管癌和乳腺癌等[8-11]。……
