中医药防治股骨头坏死临床应用现状
2018-09-03李盛华邓昶周明旺
李盛华 邓昶 周明旺
摘要:股骨头坏死(ONFH)是骨科较常见的难治性疾患,致残率极高,其发病机制尚不明确。中医药防治ONFH具有独特优势,并逐渐受到重视。本文从ONFH的中医病名、病因病机、辨证分型、临床治疗等方面,综述近年中医药防治ONFH临床应用现状,为该病临床提供参考。
关键词:中医药;股骨头坏死;综述
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005-5304.2018.06.035
中图分类号:R274.91 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1005-5304(2018)06-0137-04
Clinical Application Status of TCM for Prevention and Treatment of Osteonecrosis of Femoral Head
LI Sheng-hua1, DENG Chang2, ZHOU Ming-wang1, FU Zhi-bin1
1. Gansu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730050, China;
2. Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
Abstract: Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a common refractory disease in orthopedics, and the rate of disability is very high, and its pathogenesis is unknown. TCM has unique advantages in the prevention and treatment of ONFH, and it has gradually received attention. This article reviewed the clinical application status of TCM for prevention and treatment of ONFH in recent years from ONFH's TCM name, etiology, pathogenesis, syndrome differentiation, and clinical treatment, with a purpose to provide a reference for the clinical treatment of ONFH.
Keywords: TCM; osteonecrosis of the femoral head; review
股骨头坏死(osteonecrosis of the femoral head,ONFH)又称缺血性股骨头坏死(avascular necrosis of the femoral head,AVNFH),系由股骨头血供的破坏及凝血纤溶系统紊乱而发生股骨头结构改变甚至塌陷坏死[1],严重影响生活质量,为临床上较常见的骨伤科难治性疾患,属中医学“骨蚀”“骨痿”“骨痹”“髋骨痹”等范畴。由于激素的广泛使用及生活方式的改变,ONFH发病率逐年升高。由于发病机理尚未明确,酒精、激素、创伤、血红蛋白病等均为诱因[2],股骨头血供并不丰富,因此该病的治疗存在一定困难。一般采用髓芯减压、全髋关节置换术等手术疗法治疗,存在治疗费用昂贵、创伤较大、并发症多等不足。中医药对ONFH的治疗有积极作用,尤其对于早中期患者,可延缓疾病发展,有效改善患者临床症状,推迟全髋关节置换的时间。本文就ONFH的中医认识及其治疗现状进行综述,为该病临床防治提供参考。
1 中医病名
ONFH主要表现为髋部疼痛、关节僵硬活动受限、跛行甚至站立行走不能等。中医学虽无“股骨头坏死”病名,但类似病证记载古来有之。《素问·长刺节论篇》“骨重不可举,骨髓酸痛,寒气至,名曰骨痹……”为最早关于该病的阐述,后世医家又提到“骨蚀”“骨痿”“骨痹”,且其临床表现与其症状颇为类似。
