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Solitaire支架机械取栓术后血管再闭塞病因分析及防治策略

2018-09-03周志国陈静朱青峰

中国医学创新 2018年16期
关键词:并发症

周志国 陈静 朱青峰

【摘要】 目的:探讨急性缺血性脑卒中患者机械取栓术后血管再闭塞的病因及预防机制。方法:收集2016年12月-2017年12月共计21例急性缺血性脑卒中患者,行血管内介入机械取栓治疗,采用mTICI评分及NIHSS评分评价血管再通情况,分析血管再闭塞原因及与相关危险因素的关系。结果:责任血管无粥样硬化者,血管再通率较高为84.62%(P=0.023);取栓次数大于3次者,血管闭塞的比率明显增加为80.00%(P<0.05);取栓时间窗超过6 h的血管闭塞发生比率明显增加80.00%(P<0.05);穿支血管再通,即mTIC分级在2b及3级以上者,血管再通率明显升高为83.33%(P<0.05)。结论:加强对各种危险因素的控制,综合应用Solitaire支架取栓、动脉溶栓、球囊扩张、支架置入及预见性去骨瓣减压、内减压等多模式手术方式,能有效提高急性缺血性脑卒中Solitaire支架机械取栓术后血管再通率。

【关键词】 机械取栓术; 并发症; 血管闭塞; 脑梗死

Analysis of the Cause of Reocclusion of Blood Vessels after Solitaire Stent Mechanical Thrombectomy and Iits Pvention and Treatment Strategy/ZHOU Zhiguo,CHEN Jing,ZHU Qingfeng.//Medical Innovation of China,2018,15(16):00-009

【Abstract】 Objective:To explore the causes and prevention mechanism of postoperative blood vessel reocclusion in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Method:A total of 21 cases with acute ischemic stroke were collected from December 2016 to December 2017,they were given treating line of intravascular intervention in machinery,recanalization mTICI grading and NIHSS score evaluation,the reasons of blood vessels and block and related risk factors of relationship were analyzed.Result:The recanalization rate of no responsibility of vascular atherosclerosis was higher of 84.62%(P=0.023).Thrombectomy number greater than 3 times, the ratio of vascular occlusion was significantly increased of 80.00%(P<0.05).Thrombectomy time window over 6 h vascular occlusion increased significantly of 80.00%(P<0.05).Perforator vascular recanalization that is in mTIC grade 2B and 3 grade above,the recanalization rate was significantly increased of 83.33%(P<0.05).Conclusion:Strengthen the control of various risk factors, Comprehensive application of Solitaire stent thrombectomy, arterial thrombolysis, balloon dilatation, stent implantation and predictive decompressive craniectomy, internal decompression and other multi-mode operation can effectively improve the vascular recanalization rate after Solitaire stent mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke.

【Key words】 Mechanical thrombectomy; Complication; Vascular occlusion; Cerebral infarction

First-authors address:PLA 264st Hospital,Taiyuan 030000,China

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2018.16.002

急性缺血性腦卒中(acute ischemic stroke,AIS),主要是由于各种原因所致的局部脑组织区域血液供应障碍,导致脑组织缺血缺氧性坏死,进而产生各种神经功能缺失表现,其发病率呈逐年上升趋势[1]。根据文献[2-4]针对AIS的治疗主要有时间窗内静脉溶栓、动脉溶栓、机械碎栓等治疗。近年来,尤其是随着国际五大临床研究相继发表[5],机械取栓在血管再通治疗中越来越广泛,优点表现在血管再通速度快,挽救神经功能效果立竿见影等;但血管内机械取栓术中、术后血管再闭塞发生率仍较高,是机械取栓的严重并发症之一。取栓后血管再闭塞同样导致严重的致残、致死结果并附带巨额的手术及介入材料费用,其严重制约了手术效果。那么探讨AIS患者机械取栓术后血管再闭塞的病因及预防机制尤为迫切。现将本院2016年12月-2017年12月行血管内介入治疗AIS共计21例,其中发生血管内再闭塞病例8例,应用球囊扩张2例及支架成型术6例,效果良好,现报道如下。

1 资料与方法

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