APP下载

中国主要外来植物入侵趋势分析

2018-08-29姜景鹤

价值工程 2018年21期

姜景鹤

摘要:生物入侵是主要由人类活动引起的的物种长距离扩散并对生态系统造成一定影响的过程。许多外来生物入侵改变了入侵地的群落结构和生态系统功能,造成入侵地生物多样性的丧失以及巨大的经济损失。此研究旨在通过还原中国主要外来植物的入侵历史,探究这些物种在中国的入侵规律和扩散趋势,为预防控制外来物种入侵提供借鉴。此研究依由大到小的尺度完成三个部分:①调查了我国主要外来植物的入侵地点;②筛选出路径较为明确的百种植物并分析出其入侵趋势;③针对几种主要的入侵路线分析其形成原理。结果显示,我国外来植物的主要入侵地点分布在东南沿海,西南国界与辽东半岛地区次之。同时,在外来植物入侵和扩散的过程中,人类活动的影响极为重要,甚至突破一些自然条件的限制。因此,在防控外来生物入侵时,应将首先考虑人为因素。

Abstract: Biological invasion is an ecological process mainly brought about by citizens activities. Invasive alien species have already given birth to series of serious destruction worldwide.At the same time, the transformation in ecosystems which has led directly to some species' extinctions will probably result in a reduction of biodiversity, threatening the global biodiversity and creating significant economic losses. This research is conducted from macro to micro scale: ①Complementing the statistic of the main alien species in China and their landing sites; ②Screening out the invasive trends of hundreds of alien plants with specific pathways; ③Analyzing the causes of several precise pervading routes.It is apparent to see in the results that the main invasive area in China is the southeast coast, followed by the southwest border and Liaodong peninsula. At the same time, in the procedures of pervading, human migration is the crucial part of dynamics,which even overweights natural factors. So it is the most important to control human determinants when preventing biological invasion.

关键词:外来植物;生态入侵;入侵趋势;扩散动力

Key words: alien plant;ecologic invasion;invasive trend;pervasive dynamics

中图分类号:Q16 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1006-4311(2018)21-0289-05

1 概述

1.1 生物入侵的概念

生物入侵即是非本地物种在新区域的进入,建立和扩散的过程。在新的地区,该物种可以繁殖、扩散并继续维持物种的生存[1]。与之相关的一个重要概念为外来入侵物种,其被定义为:在远远超出其本地范围的地区建立并达到广泛分布的非本土物种,即经历了侵入性扩散的空间传播过程的非本土物种[2]。生物的繁衍与扩散属性使得这一问题比其他方面的污染问题更具威胁性[3]。……

登录APP查看全文