糖尿病药物的研究进展
2018-08-20代彩玲郭健敏孙云霄饶军华
代彩玲 郭健敏 孙云霄 饶军华
[摘要] 糖尿病是一组以高血糖为特征的代谢性疾病,近些年来它的发生率越来越高。该文主要阐释糖尿病的发病机制及治疗糖尿病药物的研究进展。综合近几年国内外相关的文献,该文总结了糖尿病发病机理及降糖药物的研究进展。糖尿病是由遗传因素、免疫功能紊乱、微生物感染及其毒素、自由基毒素、精神因素等等各种致病因子作用于机体导致胰岛功能减退、胰岛素抵抗等引起。基于糖尿病的不同发病机制,治疗糖尿病的药物也多种多样。对糖尿病的发病机制及不同作用机制的降糖药物进行阐述,这将对糖尿病的治疗具有重大意义。
[关键词] 糖尿病;高血糖;胰岛素;机制
[中图分类号] R587.1 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1672-4062(2018)02(a)-0194-03
Research Progress of Diabetic Drugs
DAI Cai-ling1,2,GUO Jian-min1,2,SUN Yun-xiao1,RAO Jun-hua1
1.Guangdong Institute of Biological Resources Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Protection and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory for the Protection and Utilization of Wild Animals, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510006 China;2.Guangdong Ryan Medical Research Institute Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510006 China
[Abstract] The diabetes is a metabolic disease with hyperglycemia, recently, the incidence rate of the diabetes is higher and higher, and the paper mainly elaborates the onset mechanism of diabetes and research progress of treatment diabetes drugs according to the related literatures at home and abroad, and the diabetes is caused by the insulin hypofunction and insulin resistance due to various virulence factors such as genetic factors, immune dysfunction, microbial infection and its toxins, free radical toxins, and mental factors. The treatment drugs of diabetes are multiple based on different pathogenesis, and the elaboration of diabetes pathogenesis and different functional mechanism of hypoglycemic drugs is of great significance to the treatment of diabetes.
[Key words] Diabetes; Hyperglycemia; Insulin; Mechanism
據国际糖尿病联合会估计,2011年全球糖尿病总患病率为3亿6 600万,预计到2030年底将上升到5亿5 200万[1]。糖尿病是以高血糖为特征的一种代谢性疾病,其高血糖是由胰岛素分泌缺陷或其生物作用受损,或两者兼有引起。糖尿病患者长期存在的高血糖,会导致各种组织,特别是眼、肾、心脏、血管、神经的慢性损害、功能障碍和衰竭。根据糖尿病的病因,通常分为Ⅰ型和2型糖尿病。Ⅰ型糖尿病(T1DM)是T细胞介导的免疫性疾病,特点是选择性破坏了胰腺β细胞,主要由遗传因素或基因改变引起[2]。2型糖尿病(T2DM)是一种长期的、多因素的代谢性疾病,并伴有严重的并发症,且这些并发症对全球公共卫生构成了重大威胁,导致高经济成本[3]。……
