张佳蕾 杨莎 郭峰 李新国 万书波

摘要：花生是需钙量大的作物。沿海旱砂地酸性土壤和因化肥过量施用造成的酸化土壤，由于酸度较大使土壤中钙素流失严重，严重影响花生籽粒的发育和产量的形成。本研究阐明了钙离子信号途径响应逆境胁迫的分子机制和调控荚果发育的分子机理，探明了酸性土壤增施钙肥花生增产原因，明确了钙肥与有机肥和微生物肥配施可显著提高酸性土壤交换性钙含量。在多年钙素基础理论和田间钙肥施用技术研究的基础上，创建了酸性土壤花生增施钙肥高产栽培技术，显著提高了酸性土壤花生产量，666.7m2最高产达到675.5 kg。

关键词：酸性土；花生；钙肥；高产；关键技术

中图分类号：S565.204.8文献标識号：A文章编号：1001-4942（2018）06-0150-04

Abstract Peanut is a crop that needs a lot of calcium. The acid soil in the coastal arid sandy land and acidized soil caused by excessive application of chemical fertilizer had seriously affected the development of peanut kernel and yield formation due to the loss of calcium in the acid soil. Our research team had elucidated the molecular mechanism of calcium signal pathway in response to adversity stress and regulating pod development， proved the reason for increasing yield of peanut by applying calcium fertilizer and made clear that calcium fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer and microbial fertilizer could significantly increase the exchangeable calcium content in acid soil. On the basis of studies on calcium basic theory and field calcium fertilizer application technology， a high-yield cultivation technique of application of calcium to peanut in acid soil was established. The pod yield of peanut in acid soil significantly increased， and the highest yield reached 675.5 kg per 666.7m2.

Keywords Acid soil； Peanut； Calcium fertilizer； High yield； Key technology

我国酸性土壤面积不断扩大，20 世纪 80 年代强酸性土壤（pH值<5.5）的面积约为1 127×104 hm2，21世纪初已增加到1 507×104 hm2，化学氮肥的长期过量施用是我国农田土壤加速酸化的主要原因[1]。土壤酸化对农作物的影响主要是对根系产生毒害[2]，并加速土壤养分的流失，使土壤肥力下降[3-5]。研究表明，酸性土壤 pH 值由5.4下降至4.7时，油菜籽减产达40%，花生和芝麻的减产幅度为15%左右。我国东南沿海花生主要种植于旱砂地，土壤盐基饱和度较低，酸度较大，土壤中钙大量流失，严重影响花生籽粒的发育和产量的形成，甚至导致花生绝产。

改良酸性土壤的常用方法是施用石灰等碱性物质直接中和土壤酸度，但也存在一些问题。长期、大量施用石灰会导致土壤板结和养分不平衡，因为石灰仅提供钙，而大量的钙会导致土壤镁、钾缺乏以及磷有效性下降。……