于海燕 付乃鑫 万勇善 刘风珍 董元杰

摘要：在大田试验条件下，以山花7号、山花9号和山花11号为供试品种，探讨4个施氮量对3个花生品种生理特性和产量性状的影响。结果表明：增施氮肥可改善花生生理特性，提高产量；3个品种对氮肥的需求程度存在显著差异，当山花7号和山花9号666.7m2施氮量为7.5 kg、山花11号施氮量为5.25 kg 时，花生SPAD值、可溶性蛋白质含量、CAT活性达到最大；花生单株干物质增加量为S型生长曲线，结荚期最大，荚果重、百果重、百仁重与不施氮相比差异均达到显著水平；山花7号和山花9号在666.7m2施氮量为7.5 kg、山花11号施氮量为5.25 kg时产量最优。

关键词：施氮量；花生；生理特性；产量性状

中图分类号：S565.206.2文献标识号：A文章编号：1001-4942（2018）06-0145-05

Abstract Under the conditions of field experiment， with Shanhua 7， Shanhua 9 and Shanhua 11 as tested materials， four N application rates on their physiological characteristics and yield characters were discussed. The results showed that increasing nitrogen fertilizer could improve peanut physiological characteristics and yield. Three varieties had significantly different demands for nitrogen fertilizer level. When N application rate per 666.7m2 of Shanhua 7 and Shanhua 9 was 7.5 kg and Shanhua 11 was 5.25 kg， the SPAD value， soluble protein content and CAT activity reached the maximum. The dry matter increment of peanut single plant showed S-type growth curve， and reached the highest in the pod period； the pod weight， hundred pod weight and hundred kernel weight all reached a significant level compared with those of non-nitrogen treatment. In general， the yield of Shanhua 7 and Shanhua 9 was the highest at the nitrogen level of 7.5 kg per 666.7m2， and the yield of Shanhua 11 was optimal when the nitrogen rate was 5.25 kg per 666.7m2.

Keywords Nitrogen rate； Peanut； Physiological characteristics； Yield characters

氮素作为所有必需营养元素中限制作物生长和产量形成的首要因素，对提高作物产量、改善农产品品质有重要作用[1]。研究表明：合理施用氮肥可以有效提高花生叶片叶绿素含量、改善叶片光合能力、促进光合产物转运和积累[2]。施氮影响花生产量性状，适量施氮对荚果生长发育有很好的促进作用；施用氮肥可以促进花生干物质累积，同一生育期下，干物质总量随施氮量增加而增加， 施氮量达到一定水平时，干物质总量下降，但仍高于不施氮处理[3]。

花生作为豆科作物，每生产100 kg荚果，需从土壤中吸收氮4.5～6.4 kg[4]。山东作为花生种植大省，仅2016年花生种植面积就达76.13万公顷，产量为251万吨[5]，但存在土壤有机质含量偏低、氮素不足、严重缺磷、养分供应不平衡等问题。……